Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + F Open find window for current document or window.
Ctrl + S Save current document file.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins Paste
Ctrl + P Print the current page or document.
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.
End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.
What are the F1 through F12 keys?
Commonly known as function keys, F1 through F12 may have a variety of different uses or no use at all. Depending on the installed operating system and the software program currently open will change how each of these keys operate. A program is capable of not only using each of the function keys, but also combining the function keys with the ALT or CTRL key, for example, Microsoft Windows users can press ALT + F4 to close the program currently active.
Below is a short-listing of some of the common functions of the functions keys. As mentioned above not all programs support function keys and may perform different tasks then those mentioned below. If you are looking for more specific shortcut keys and function key examples we suggest seeing our shortcut key page.
F1
• Almost always used as the help key, almost every program opens a help screen when this key is pressed.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
• Open the Task Pane.
F2
• In Windows renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
• Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens document window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
• Quickly rename a selected file or folder.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
F3
• Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows when at the Windows Desktop..
• In MS-DOS or Windows command line F3 will repeat the last command.
• Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
• Windows Key + F3 opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
• Open Mission Control on an Apple computer running Mac OS X.
F4
• Open find window in Windows 95 to XP.
• Open the address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer.
• Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
• Alt + F4 closes the program window currently active in Microsoft Windows.
• Ctrl + F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows.
F5
• In all modern Internet browsers pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
• Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
• Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
F6
• Move the cursor to the Address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.
• Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
F7
• Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
• Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
• Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
F8
• Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly used to access Windows Safe Mode.
F9
• Refresh document in Microsoft Word.
• Send and receive e-mail in Microsoft Outlook.
• Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.
• With Mac OS 10.3 or later shows all open Windows.
• Using the Fn key and F9 at the same time opens Mission Control on an Apple computer running Mac OS X.
F10
• In Microsoft Windows activates the menu bar of an open application.
• Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on HP and Sony computers.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• With Mac OS 10.3 or later shows all open Windows for active program.
F11
• Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
• Ctrl + F11 as computer is starting to access the hidden recovery partition on many Dell computers.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on eMachines, Gateway, and Lenovo computers.
• With Mac OS 10.4 or later hides all open windows and shows the Desktop.
F12
• Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + F12 will Save the document In Word (like Ctrl + S).
• Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
• Ctrl + Shift + F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
• Preview a page in Microsoft Expression Web
• Open Firebug.
• With an Apple running Mac OS 10.4 or later F12 shows or hides the Dashboard.
F13 - F24
Early IBM computers also had keyboards with F13 through F24 keys. However, because these keyboards are no longer used they are not listed on this page.
Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know
Using keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase your productivity, reduce repetitive strain, and help keep you focused. For example, highlighting text with the keyboard and pressing Ctrl + C is much faster than taking your hand from the keyboard, highlighting the text using the mouse, clicking copy from the file menu, and then putting your hand back in place on the keyboard. Below are our top 10 keyboard shortcuts we recommend everyone memorize and use.
Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert
Both Ctrl + C and Ctrl + Insert will copy the highlighted text or selected item.
Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert
Both the Ctrl + V and Shift + Insert will paste the text or object that's in theclipboard.
Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y
Undo any change. For example, if you cut text, pressing this will undo it. This can also often be pressed multiple times to undo multiple changes. Pressing Ctrl + Y wouldredo the undo.
Ctrl + F
Pressing Ctrl + F opens the Find in any program. This includes your Internet browser to find text on the current page.
Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab
Quickly switch between open programs moving forward.
Tip: Press Ctrl + Tab to switch between tabs in a program.
Tip: Adding the Shift key to Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab will move backwards. For example, if you are pressing Alt + Tab and pass the program you want to switch to, press Alt + Shift + Tab to move backwards to that program.
Tip: Windows Vista and 7 users can also press the Windows Key + Tab to switch through open programs in a full screenshot of the Window.
Ctrl + Back space and Ctrl + Left or Right arrow
Pressing Ctrl + Backspace will delete a full word at a time instead of a single character.
Holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the left or right arrow will move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time. If you wanted to highlight one word at a time you can hold down Ctrl + Shift and then press the left or right arrowkey to move one word at a time in that direction while highlighting each word.
Ctrl + S
While working on a document or other file in almost every program pressing Ctrl + Ssaves that file. This shortcut key should be used frequently anytime you're working on anything important.
Ctrl + Home or Ctrl + End
Ctrl + Home will move the cursor to the beginning of the document and Ctrl + End will move the cursor to the end of a document.
Ctrl + P
Open a print preview of the current page or document being viewed. For example, press Ctrl + P now to view a print preview of this page.
Unix and Linux shortcut keys
Quick links
Introduction
Keyboard shortcut keys
Command line shortcuts
Introduction
Shortcuts are designed to help shorten the time required to perform frequently used commands or actions. In the below sections we have listed keyboard shortcut keys that can be performed by pressing two or more keys at once. In addition to keyboard shortcut keys, we have also listed command line shortcut keys that can be typed in at the shell.
Tip: Not all of the below shortcut keys and command line shortcuts will not work on all variants of Unix and Linux.
Keyboard shortcut keys
CTRL+B Moves the cursor backward one character.
CTRL+C Cancels the currently running command.
CTRL+D Logs out of the current session.
CTRL+F Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL+H Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
CTRL+P Paste previous line(s).
CTRL+S Stops all output on screen (XOFF).
CTRL+Q Turns all output stopped on screen back on (XON).
CTRL+U Erases the complete line.
CTRL+W Deletes the last word typed in. For example, if you typed 'mv file1 file2' this shortcut would delete file2.
CTRL+Z Cancels current operation, moves back a directory or takes the current operation and moves it to the background. See bg command for additional information about background.
Command line shortcuts
In addition to the below command line shortcuts, it is also helpful to use the alias command that allows you to specify a keyword for frequently used commands or mistakes.
~ Moves to the user's home directory.
!! Repeats the line last entered at the shell. See history command for previous commands.
!$ Repeats the last argument for the command last used. See history command for previous commands.
reset Resets the terminal if terminal screen is not displaying correctly.
shutdown -h now Remotely or locally shuts the system down.
Apple Macintosh shortcut keys
Note that not all of the below shortcut keys will work in all versions of Mac OS.
Open Apple + Down Opens the selected icon.
Shift + Click Select the icon and add it to the set of those selected.
Tab Highlight the next icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Shift + Tab Highlight the previous icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Left arrow Used when viewing by icon to select the icon to the left of the one highlighted.
Right arrow Used when viewing by icon to select icon to the right of the one highlighted.
Up arrow Used to select the icon above the one currently highlighted.
Down arrow Used to select the icon below the one currently highlighted.
Open Apple + ? Mac help
Open Apple + E Eject
Open Apple + Shift + Up Arrow Used to direct the input focus to the desktop level.
Open Apple + M Minimize window
Open Apple + N New finder window
Open Apple + Shift + N New folder
Open Apple + W Close the current window.
Open Apple + C Copy the elected item to the clipboard.
Open Apple + X Cut the selected item.
Open Apple + V Paste item from the clipboard
Open Apple + L Make alias
Open Apple + R Show original item
Open Apple + T Add to favorites
Open Apple + O Open the selected icon.
Open Apple + F Display the find dialog box.
Open Apple + G Repeat the last find operation.
Open Apple + Shift + G Takes a snapshot of the screen and saves it to a PICT file.
Microsoft Windows shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major Windows shortcut keys for all versions of Microsoft Windows. If you are looking for shortcut keys for Windows programs see our other computer keyboard shortcuts.
General Windows keyboard shortcuts
Windows function key shortcuts
Windows keyboard key shortcuts
How to navigate Windows using a keyboard
Other computer keyboard shortcuts
General Windows keyboard shortcuts
Alt + Tab
Switch between open applications in all versions of Windows. Reverse the direction by pressing Alt + Shift + Tab at the same time.
Ctrl + Tab
Switches between program groups, tabs, or document windows in applications that support this feature. Reverse the direction by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Tab at the same time.
Alt + double-click
Display the properties of the object you double-click on in Windows 95 and later. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
Alt + Print Screen
Create a screen shot only for the active program window in all versions of Windows. For example, if you opened the calculator and did this only the calculator window would be created as a screen shot. If just the Print Screen key is pressed the whole screen will be made into a screen shot.
Ctrl + Alt + Del
Open the Windows option screen for locking computer, switching user, Task Manager, etc. in later versions of Windows. Pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del multiple times will reboot the computer.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Immediately bring up the Windows Task Manager in Windows 2000 and later.
Ctrl + Esc
Open the Windows Start menu in most versions of Windows. In Windows 8 this opens the Start screen and in Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
Alt + Esc
Switch between open applications on Taskbar in Windows 95 and later.
Alt + Space bar
Drops down the window control menu for the currently open Windows program in Windows 95 and later.
Alt + Enter
Opens properties window of selected icon or program in Windows 95 and later.
Shift + Del
Will delete any file or other object without throwing it into the Recycle Bin in Windows 95 and later.
Hold down the Shift key
When putting in an audio CD or other CD that uses Autoplay, holding down the Shift key will prevent that CD from playing.
Windows function key shortcuts
Below is a listing of keyboard shortcuts that use the keyboard function keys. See ourwhat are F1 through F12 keys page for a full listing of what function keys do with all other programs.
F1
Activates help for current open application. If you're at the Windows Desktop, this will activate the help for Windows.
F2
Renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
F3
Starts find or search when at the Windows Desktop in all versions of Windows.
F4
In Windows 95 and later this opens the drive selection or address bar when browsing files in Windows Explorer.
• Pressing Alt + F4 closes the current open program window without a prompt in all versions of Windows.
• Pressing Ctrl + F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows. This only works in programs that support multiple windows or tabs in the same program window.
F6
While in Windows Explorer, this will move the cursor to different Windows Explorer pane or in Windows 7 browse available drives.
F8
Pressing F8 over and over as the computer is booting will start the computer in Safe Mode.
F10
Activates the File menu bar in all versions of Windows.
• Simulates a right-click on selected item. This is useful if right-click is difficult or impossible using the mouse.
Windows keyboard key shortcuts
Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows 95 or later and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts, the Windows key is represented by "WINKEY" and because not all these shortcuts will work in all versions of Windows we've mentioned what versions of Windows support each Windows key shortcut key.
All versions of Windows
WINKEY
Pressing the Windows key alone opens or hides the Windows Start menu. In Windows 8, this opens or hides the Start screen.
WINKEY + F1
Open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
WINKEY + Pause / Break key
Open the System Properties window.
WINKEY + D
Opens the Desktop to the top of all other windows.
WINKEY + E
Open Microsoft Windows Explorer.
WINKEY + F
Display the Windows Search or Find feature.
WINKEY + Ctrl + F
Display the search for computers window.
WINKEY + L
Lock the computer and switch users if needed (Windows XP and above only).
WINKEY + M
Minimizes all windows.
WINKEY + Shift + M
Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
WINKEY + R
Open the run window.
WINKEY + U
Open Utility Manager or the Ease of Access Center.
Windows XP only
Windows 7 and 8 only
Windows 8 only
Windows XP only
WINKEY + Tab
Cycle through open programs through the Taskbar.
Windows 7 and 8 only
WINKEY + 1-0
Pressing the Windows key and any of the top row number keys from 1 to 0 opens the program corresponding to the number of icon on the Taskbar. For example, if the first icon on the Taskbar was Internet Explorer pressing WINKEY + 1 would open that program or switch to it if already open.
WINKEY + (Plus (+) or Minus (-))
Open Windows Magnifier and zoom in with the plus symbol (+) and zoom out with the minus symbol (-).
• Press the WINKEY + ESC to close the Magnifier
WINKEY + Home
Minimize all windows except the active window.
WINKEY + P
Change between the monitor and projection display types or how second screen displays computer screen.
WINKEY + T
Set the focus on the Taskbar icons
WINKEY + Left arrow
Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing.
WINKEY + Right arrow
Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing.
WINKEY + Up arrow
When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size.
WINKEY + Down arrow
Minimizes the screen. Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size.
Windows 8 only
WINKEY + ,
Peek at the Windows Desktop.
WINKEY + .
Snap a Windows App to the sides of the screen. Pressing it multiple times will switch between the right and left-hand side of the screen or unsnap the app.
WINKEY + Enter
Open Windows Narrator
WINKEY + C
Open the Charms.
WINKEY + G
Cycle through Desktop gadgets.
WINKEY + H
Open Share in Charms.
WINKEY + I
Open the Settings in Charms.
WINKEY + J
Switch between snapped apps.
WINKEY + K
Open Devices in Charms.
WINKEY + O
Lock the screen orientation.
WINKEY + X
Open the power user menu, which gives you access to many of the features most power users would want to use such as Device Manager, Control Panel, Event Viewer, Command Prompt, and much more.
Microsoft Excel shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Excel. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
F2 Edit the selected cell.
F3 After a name has been created F3 will paste names.
F4 Repeat last action. For example, if you changed the color of text in another cell pressing F4 will change the text in cell to the same color.
F5 Go to a specific cell. For example, C6.
F7 Spell check selected text or document.
F11 Create chart from selected data.
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time.
Ctrl + ; Enter the current date.
Alt + Shift + F1 Insert New Worksheet.
Alt + Enter While typing text in a cell pressing Alt + Enter will move to the next line allowing for multiple lines of text in one cell.
Shift + F3 Open the Excel formula window.
Shift + F5 Bring up search box.
Ctrl + 1 Open the Format Cells window.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the worksheet.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + S Save the open worksheet.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + 1 Change the format of selected cells.
Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection.
Ctrl + P Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + F3 Open Excel Name Manager.
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window.
Ctrl + F10 Maximize currently selected window.
Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks or windows.
Ctrl + Page up Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Page down Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Tab Move between Two or more open Excel files.
Alt + = Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
Ctrl + ' Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift + ! Format number in comma format.
Ctrl + Shift + $ Format number in currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + # Format number in date format.
Ctrl + Shift + % Format number in percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + ^ Format number in scientific format.
Ctrl + Shift + @ Format number in time format.
Ctrl + Arrow key Move to next section of text.
Ctrl + Space Select entire column.
Shift + Space Select entire row.
Ctrl + - Delete the slected column or row.
Ctrl + Shift + = Insert a new column or row.
Ctrl + Home Move to cell A1.
Ctrl + ~ Switch between showing Excel formulas or their values in cells.
Microsoft Word shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Ctrl + 0 Adds or removes 6pts of spacing before a paragraph.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + D Open the font preferences window.
Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl + F Open find box.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl + P Open the print window.
Ctrl + R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl + S Save the open document. Just like Shift + F12.
Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + V Paste.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + Shift + L Quickly create a bullet point.
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1pts.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1pts.
Ctrl + / + c Insert a cent sign (¢).
Ctrl + ' + <char> Insert a character with an accent (grave) mark, where <char> is the character you want. For example, if you wanted an accented è you would use Ctrl + ' + e as your shortcut key. To reverse the accent mark use the opposite accent mark, often on the tilde key.
Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters.
Ctrl + <left arrow> Moves one word to the left.
Ctrl + <right arrow> Moves one word to the right.
Ctrl + <up arrow> Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl + <down arrow> Moves to the end of the paragraph.
Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl + End Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl + Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
Ctrl + Spacebar Reset highlighted text to the default font.
Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines.
Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines.
Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + Alt + 1 Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl + Alt + 2 Changes text to heading 2.
Ctrl + Alt + 3 Changes text to heading 3.
Alt + Ctrl + F2 Open new document.
Ctrl + F1 Open the Task Pane.
Ctrl + F2 Display the print preview.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decreases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + F6 Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 Prints the document.
F1 Open Help.
F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
F5 Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
F7 Spellcheck and grammar check selected text or document.
F12 Save as.
Shift + F3 Change the text in Microsoft Word from uppercase to lowercase or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
Shift + F7 Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
Shift + F12 Save the open document. Just like Ctrl + S.
Shift + Enter Create a soft break instead of a new paragraph.
Shift + Insert Paste.
Shift + Alt + D Insert the current date.
Shift + Alt + T Insert the current time.
In addition to the above shortcut keys users can also use their mouse as a method of quickly do something commonly performed. Below some are examples of mouse shortcuts.
Mouse shortcuts Description
Click, hold, and drag Selects text from where you click and hold to the point you drag and let go.
Double-click If double-click a word, selects the complete word.
Double-click Double-clicking on the left, center, or right of a blank line makes the alignment of the text left, center, or right aligned.
Double-click Double-clicking anywhere after text on a line will set a tab stop.
Triple-click Selects the line or paragraph of the text the mouse triple-clicked.
Ctrl + Mouse wheel Zooms in and out of document.
Internet Explorer shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Internet Explorer. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + Left Arrow Back a page.
Backspace Back a page.
Alt + Right Arrow Forward a page.
F5 Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
F11 Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
Esc Stop page or download from loading.
Ctrl + (- or +) Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address. For example, type computerhope in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to get http://www.computerhope.com.
Ctrl + D Add a Favorite for the page currently opened.
Ctrl + I Display available bookmarks.
Ctrl + N Open New browser window.
Ctrl + P Print current page or frame.
Ctrl + T Opens a new tab.
Ctrl + F4 Closes the currently selected tab.
Ctrl + Tab Moves through each of the open tabs.
Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.
Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.
Alt + Down arrow Display all previous text entered in a text box or available options on drop down menu.
Alt + D Highlights the text in the address bar
Microsoft FrontPage shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft FrontPage. See thecomputer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + P Paste selected text.
Ctrl + K Create a hyperlink.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + L Left align the text.
Ctrl + R Right align the text.
Ctrl + E Center the text.
Ctrl + / Turn on or off the display of HTML tags.
Ctrl + S Save document.
Ctrl + Tab Switch between open web pages.
Ctrl + Ins Enter Line break.
Ctrl + Enter Move cursor above or below a table.
Ctrl + Shift + B Preview in web browser window.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease font size.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase font size.
Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Alt + mousedouble-click
View the properties of a selected item. For example, doing this on a table cell would display the properties for that cell.
Microsoft Outlook shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Outlook. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Alt + S Send the e-mail
Ctrl + Enter Send the e-mail you're composing.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + P Print selected text.
Ctrl + K Complete the name or e-mail being typed in the e-mail address bar.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection
Ctrl + M Send and receive all
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
Ctrl + R Reply to an e-mail.
Ctrl + F Forward an e-mail.
Ctrl + N Create a new e-mail.
Ctrl + Y Go to folder.
Ctrl + Shift + A Create a new appointment to your calendar.
Ctrl + Shift + O Open the Outbox.
Ctrl + Shift + I Open the Inbox.
Ctrl + Shift + K Add a new task.
Ctrl + Shift + C Create a new contact.
Ctrl + Shift + J Create a new journal entry.
Ctrl + Shift + V Move folder.
Mozilla Firefox shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Mozilla Firefox. See thecomputer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + Home Open your home page.
Alt + Left Arrow Back a page.
Alt + Right Arrow Forward a page.
F5 Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
F11 Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
Esc Stop page or download from loading.
Ctrl + (- or +) Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase. Ctrl + 0 will reset back to default.
Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address. For example, type computerhope in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to get http://www.computerhope.com.
Ctrl + Shift + Del Open the Clear Data window to quickly clear private data.
Ctrl + D Add a bookmark for the page currently opened.
Ctrl + I Display available bookmarks.
Ctrl + J Display the download window.
Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E Move the cursor to the search box.
Ctrl + N Open New browser window.
Ctrl + P Print current page or frame.
Ctrl + T Opens a new tab.
Ctrl + F4 or Ctrl + W Closes the currently selected tab.
Ctrl + Shift + T Undo the close of a window.
Ctrl + Tab Moves through each of the open tabs.
Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.
Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.
Alt + Down arrow Display all previous text entered in a text box and available options on drop down menu.
Keyboard terms
• 0-9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z
Computer keyboard keys descriptions
Number
101 Keyboard
104 Keyboard
12-key keyboard
20-key keyboard
8042 keyboard controller
A
ALT
Ampersand
Any key
Apostrophe
Arrow keys
Asterisk
AT sign
AT keyboard
Azerty
B
Back quote
Backslash
Backspace key
Bang
Bracket
Break
Butterfly keyboard
C
Caps lock
Caret
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Case sensitive
Chiclet keyboard
Close bracket
Colon
Comma
Command key
Control keys
CR
CTRL
Curly bracket
D
Dvorak keyboard
E
End key
Enhanced Keyboard
Enter key
ESC
ETAION SHRDLU
Exclamation mark
F
FilterKeys
Fn
Forward slash
Function keys
G
Greater than
GT
GWAM
GWPM
H
HID
Home key
Home row keys
Hotkey
Hunt and peck
Hyphen
I
Input device
Input driver
Insert key
J
Currently no listings
K
Key
Key in
Keyboard
Keyboard buffer
Keyboard controller
Keyboard layout
Keyboard repeat
Keyboard shortcut
Keyboard template
Keycap
Keylogger
Keypad
Keystroke
L
LT
M
Modifier key
MouseKeys
N
Numeric keypad
NUM Lock
O
Octothorpe
On-Screen keyboard
Open bracket
Option key
OSK
P
Page Down key
Page Up key
Pause key
PC/XT keyboard
Percent
Period
PGDN key
PGUP key
Pipe
Plus
Pound
Print screen key
Programmable function key
PS/2
Q
Question mark
Quote
QWERTY keyboard
R
Repeat rate
S
Scan codes
Scroll lock key
Semicolon
Shift clicking
Shift key
Shortcut key
Single quote
Spacebar
Symbol
SysRq
T
Tab
Togglekeys
Touch type
TTY
Thumb keyboard
Tilde
ToggleKeys
Type
Typematic rate
U
Underscore
Unprintable character
V
Currently no listings
W
Wack
WAM
Whack
White space
Windows key
Windows keyboard
WPM
Wrist rest
WSAD keys
X
Currently no listings
Y
Currently no listings
Z
Currently no listings
How do I create a Windows shortcut key?
Create a shortcut
1. Open the folder or directory that contains the program you want for a shortcut.
2. Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut.
3. This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to <your program>" in the directory you are in. If you want to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click rename.
4. Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy or cut this shortcut andpaste it anywhere.
Assign shortcut key to that Windows shortcut
Once the shortcut has been created to assign a shortcut key to that Windows shortcut follow the steps below.
1. Right-click the shortcut and click Properties.
2. Click the Shortcut tab.
3. Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p" the shortcut key will automatically be made Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means after this has been saved pressing Ctrl, Alt, and "P" all at the same time runs the shortcut.
Keyboard shortcuts for Gmail
Keyboard shortcuts help you save time by allowing you to never take your hands off the keyboard to use the mouse. You'll need a Standard 101/102-Key or Natural PS/2 Keyboard to use the shortcuts.
Tip: Press ? in Gmail to see a list of keyboard shortcuts.
Some keyboard shortcuts can be used immediately, and others need to be enabled before you can use them.
Shortcuts that are always turned on
These navigational and formatting shortcuts all work whether or not you've enabled the keyboard shortcuts setting.
Use arrow keys to view messages and start composing
While viewing your messages, use your keyboard’s arrow keys to move your cursor to a conversation, label or the compose button. Press Enter to select.
Move between messages in a conversation
While viewing a conversation, use n and p to go the next and previous messages in a conversation thread. Hit Enter to open or collapse a message.
Navigate in compose
Use the following combinations of keys when you have compose windows or chats open.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
Ctrl + Enter
Mac: ⌘ + Enter Send message After composing your message, use this combination to send it.
Ctrl + .
Mac: ⌘ + . Advance to next window Use this shortcut to move the cursor to the next chat or compose window, or to the main window.
Ctrl + ,
Mac: ⌘ + , Go to previous window Use this shortcut to move the cursor to the previous chat or compose window, or to the main window.
Ctrl + Shift + c
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + c Add Cc recipients While composing, takes you to the Cc field to add new recipients.
Ctrl + Shift + b
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + b Add Bcc recipients While composing, takes you to the Bcc field to add new blind recipients.
Ctrl + Shift + f
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + f Change "from" address While composing, takes you to the From field to change your sending address. This shortcut only works if you have configuredadditional sending addresses.
To format your text quickly, check out these formatting shortcuts.
Shortcuts that need to be turned on
Before you can use these keyboard shortcuts, you’ll need to enable keyboard shortcuts in your settings:
1. Click the gear in the top right and select Settings.
2. Find the "Keyboard shortcuts" section and select Keyboard shortcuts on.
3. Click Save Changes at the bottom of the page.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
c Compose Allows you to compose a new message. Shift + c allows you to compose a message in a new window.
d Compose in a new tab Opens a compose window in a new tab.
/ Search Puts your cursor in the search box.
k Move to newer conversation Opens or moves your cursor to a more recent conversation. You can hit Enter to expand a conversation.
j Move to older conversation Opens or moves your cursor to the next oldest conversation. You can hit Enter to expand a conversation.
n Newer message In 'Conversation view', moves your cursor to the newer message. You can hitEnter to expand or collapse a message.
p Previous message In 'Conversation view', moves your cursor to the older message. You can hit Enterto expand or collapse a message.
` Go to next inbox section If you use an inbox style with tabs or sections, you can quickly navigate to the next section.
~ Go to previous inbox section If you use an inbox style with tabs or sections, you can quickly navigate to the previous section.
o or Enter Open Opens your conversation. Also expands or collapses a message if you are in 'Conversation View.'
u Return to conversation list Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox, or list of conversations.
e Archive Archive your conversation from any view.
m Mute Archives the conversation, and all future messages skip the Inbox unless sent or cc'd directly to you. Learn more.
x Select conversation Automatically checks and selects a conversation so that you can archive, apply a label, or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to that conversation.
s Star a message or conversation Adds or removes a star to a message or conversation. Stars allow you to give a message or conversation a special status.
+ Mark as important Helps Gmail learn what's important to you by marking misclassified messages. (Specific to Priority Inbox)
- Mark as unimportant Helps Gmail learn what's not important to you by marking misclassified messages. (Specific to Priority Inbox)
! Report spam Marks a message as spam and removes it from your conversation list.
r Reply Replies to the message sender. Shift + r allows you to reply to a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
a Reply all Replies to all message recipients. Shift + a allows you to reply to all message recipients in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
f Forward Forwards a message. Shift + f allows you to forward a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
Esc Escape from input field Removes the cursor from your current input field.
Ctrl + s
Mac: ⌘ + s Save draft Saves the current text as a draft when composing a message. Hold the Ctrl/⌘key while pressing s and make sure your cursor is in one of the text fields -- either the composition pane, or any of the To, CC, BCC, or Subject fields -- when using this shortcut.
# Delete Moves the conversation to Trash.
l Label Opens the Labels menu to label a conversation.
v Move to Moves the conversation from the inbox to a different label, Spam or Trash.
Shift + i Mark as read Marks your message as 'read' and skip to a newer message.
Shift + u Mark as unread Marks your message as 'unread' so you can go back to it later.
[ Removes from current view and previous Removes the current view's label from your conversation and moves to the older one.
] Removes from current view and next Removes the current view's label from your conversation and moves to the newer one.
{ Archive and previous Archives the current conversation and moves to the older one.
} Archive and next Archives the current conversation and moves to the next one.
z Undo Undoes your previous action, if possible (works for actions with an 'undo' link).
Shift + n Update current conversation Updates your current conversation when there are new messages.
q Move cursor to chat search Moves your cursor directly to the chat search box.
y Remove from Current View* Automatically removes the message or conversation from your current view.
• From 'Inbox,' 'y' means Archive
• From 'Starred,' 'y' means Unstar
• From 'Trash,' 'y' means Move to inbox
• From any label, 'y' means Remove the label
* 'y' has no effect if you're in 'Spam,' 'Sent,' or 'All Mail.'
. Show more actions Displays the 'More Actions' drop-down menu.
, Moves cursor to the first button in yourGmail toolbar
Displays the 'More Actions' drop-down menu.
Ctrl + Down arrow
Mac: ⌘ +Down arrow Opens options in Chat • Ctrl/⌘ + Down arrow moves from edit field in your chat window to select the 'Video and more' menu
• Next, press Tab to select the emoticon menu
• Press Enter to open the selected menu
k Move up a contact Moves your cursor up in your contact list
j Move down a contact Moves your cursor down in your contact list
o or Enter Open Opens the contact with the cursor next to it.
u Return to contact list view Refreshes your page and returns you to the contact list.
e Remove from Current Group Removes selected contacts from the group currently being displayed.
x Select contact Checks and selects a contact so that you can change group membership or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to the contact.
Esc Escape from input field Removes the cursor from the current input
# Delete Deletes a contact permanently
l Group membership Opens the groups button to group contacts
z Undo Reverses your previous action, if possible (works for actions with an 'undo' link)
Combo-keys
Use the following combinations of keys to navigate through Gmail.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
Tab thenEnter Send message After composing your message, use this combination to send it.
y then o Archive and next Archives your conversation and moves to the next one.
g then a Go to 'All Mail' Takes you to 'All Mail,' the storage site for all mail you've ever sent or received (and have not deleted).
g then s Go to 'Starred' Takes you to all conversations you have starred.
g then c Go to 'Contacts' Takes you to your Contacts list.
g then d Go to 'Drafts' Takes you to all drafts you have saved.
g then l Go to 'Label' Takes you to the search box with the "label:" operator filled in for you.
g then i Go to 'Inbox' Returns you to the inbox.
g then t Go to 'Sent Mail' Takes you to all mail you've sent.
* then a Select all Selects all mail.
* then n Select none Deselects all mail.
* then r Select read Selects all mail you've read.
* then u Select unread Selects all unread mail.
* then s Select starred Selects all starred mail.
* then t Select unstarred Selects all unstarred mail.
The General Shortcuts
We’ll kickoff the list with some really general shortcuts that you often used.
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
Delete (Delete)
Shift+Delete (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+Shift while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+Shift with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
Shift with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
Alt+Enter (View the properties for the selected item)
Alt+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
Alt+Enter (Display the properties of the selected object)
Alt+Spacebar (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt+Tab (Switch between the open items)
Alt+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
Shift+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
Alt+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
Backspace (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
Shift when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+Tab (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+Shift+Tab (Move backward through the tabs)
Tab (Move forward through the options)
Shift+Tab (Move backward through the options)
Alt+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
Enter (Perform the command for the active option or button)
Spacebar (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
Backspace (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Win (Display or hide the Start menu)
Win+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Win+D (Display the desktop)
Win+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Win+Shift+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Win+E (Open My Computer)
Win+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Win+F (Search for computers)
Win+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Win+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Win+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Win+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right Shift for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
Shift five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Win +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+* (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK++ (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+- (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys For Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
Spacebar (Switch between Enlarged and Nor mal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Close window/tab)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the MMC window menu)
Alt+F4 (Close the console)
Alt+A (Display the Action menu)
Alt+V (Display the View menu)
Alt+F (Display the File menu)
Alt+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
Alt+- (Display the window menu for the active console window)
Shift+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
Alt+Enter (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+Alt+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
Alt+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
Alt+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
Alt+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
Alt+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+Alt+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
Alt+Delete (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+Alt+- (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+Alt++ (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Keyboard instead of mouse -- some tips, for Windows 95
by Susan Fulton (New York Times)
ALT+ SPACEBAR--opens control menu (like clicking on the symbol in the top
left corner of a window, from which you select (perhaps using mouse,
perhaps using arrow keys and enter) among restore, minimize, maximize,
close, etc)
SPACEBAR -- hitting this will finalize a selection of an item in a list or
an icon on the screen that's only half- selected, i.e., there's a box
around the name but full highlighting is not there. Also puts a checkmark
or big dot in a little box or circle for you to check one of several options.
ENTER -- will activate a selected item. Hitting Enter with a program icon
selected will open the program. with a button highlighted, will activate
the "button." It appears highlighted from the heavier line around it, or it
might look like a depressed button.
Hitting a letter key will take you to the first item in a dialogue box that
begins with that letter. I.E., in open file dialogue box, hit w one or more
times to go to the "Windows" folder in the list of stuff that appears on
the C drive. This can save a whole lot of hand action.
CTRL+z -- undo
CTRL+y -- redo
CTRL+a -- select all
CTRL+x --cut
CTRL+c --copy
CTRL+v --paste
CTRL+p – print
CTRL+s --save
CTRL+ALT+DEL--reboots the computer – eventually. First, it'll tell you
what's hung up.
CTRL+esc-- same as clicking on the "start button" in the taskbar area of
the screen
ALT+F4 shuts down the selected program.
TAB--VERY USEFUL. takes you from one field to another, one "button" to
another, one icon to another etc.
SHIFT+TAB -- it tabs you backward
HOME – to beginning of line or far left of field or screen.
END --to end of line, or far right of field or screen.
CTRL+home -- to the top
CTRL+END -- to the bottom
PAGE UP -- moves you up in your document or dialogue box by one page
PAGE DOWN -- moves you down in your document or dialogue list by one page
ARROW KEYS--these will move you about the screen or dialogue box, or menu,
not just a document. Modifier keys like CTRL and SHIFT when pressed at same
time as arrow keys or page up and page down will perform selection and
larger movements. For instance, CTRL + right arrow jumps to next word, and
SHIFT+CTRL+RIGHT ARROW selects the whole word.
ESC -- to cancel, or get rid of something like box or window that popped up
when you didn't want it (or if you change your mind) etc.
ALT + the underlined letter in a menu item carries out the action.
SHIFT+F10—like right click, brings up context menu
ALT+TAB—cycles through open applications
[ALT] + down arrow--opens up a "Drop down list" -those little arrows that
sit next to fields in which you must make a choice, for instance in the
"Look in" field of an "Open" dialogue box.
[ALT] + TAB --holding down the [ALT] and hitting tab cycles you
through open applications.
Thus, to sign off windows 95: CTRL+ESC, UP, ENTER, ENTER.
[Hot and Other Keys]
*General folder / Windows Explorer shortcuts for a selected object:
Keys Action
-----------------------------------------------------------------
F2 Rename
F3 Find
CTRL+X, C, or V Cut, Copy, or Paste
SHIFT+DELETE Delete immediately without putting the file
in Recycle Bin
ALT+ENTER Properties
ALT+double-click Properties
CTRL+right-click Put alternative verbs on the context menu
(Open With)
SHIFT+double-click Explore the object if it has an Explore
command
CTRL+drag a file to a
folder Copy a file
CTRL+SHIFT+drag a
file to the desktop
or a folder Create a shortcut
CTRL+ESC,ESC,TAB,SHIFT+F10
Open taskbar properties
[General control over folders/Windows Explorer]
F4 (Explorer) Displays the combo box
F5 Refresh
F6 Switches between panes in Windows Explorer
CTRL+G(Windows
Explorer) Goto
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+A Select all
BACKSPACE Goes to the parent folder
SHIFT+ Closes this folder and all its parent folders
[In Windows Explorer]
Num* Expands everything under selection
Num- Expands selection
Num+ or Right arrow Collapses selection
Right arrow Expands current selection if it's collapsed;
otherwise goes to the first child.
Left arrow Collapses current selection if it's expanded;
otherwise goes to the parent
[In Properties]
CTRL+TAB or
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Switches between Properties tabs
[In Open/Save Common Dialog Boxes]
F4 Drop down the location list
F5 Refresh the view
Backspace Go to parent folder if focus is on view window
[General Keyboard-Only Commands]
F1 Help
F10 Goes to menu mode
SHIFT+F10 Context menu for selected item
CTRL+ESC Brings up Start menu
CTRL+ESC, ESC Focus on the Start button
SHIFT+F10 Context menu
ALT+TAB Switch to the running program
SHIFT while
inserting CD Bypasses auto-run
Alt+M when focus
is on taskbar Minimizes all windows
[Accessibility Shortcuts]
Tap SHIFT 5 times Toggles StickyKeys on/off
Hold down Right
SHIFT for 8 seconds Toggles FilterKeys on/off
Hold down NumLock
for 5 seconds Toggles ToggleKeys on/off
Left ALT+LEFT+SHIFT
+NumLock Toggles MouseKeys on/off
Left ALT+LEFT+SHIFT
+PrintScreen Toggles HighContrast on/off
[MS Natural Keyboard]
Win+R Run dialog
Win+M Minimize All
Shift-Win+M Undo Minimize All
Win+F1 Windows Help
Win+E Explorer
Win+F Find Files or Folders
CTRL+Win+F Find Computer
Win+Tab Cycle through taskbar buttons
Win+Break PSS Hotkey... (System properties)
Keyboard-only access to Windows 95
by Alan Cantor
Full text of the article on Keyboard-only access to Windows 95
1. Use Alt + underlined character to select a menu.
Or
Press F10 to toggle menu mode. (Choose your method!)
2. Press the underlined character to select an item on a menu.
3. Use the first letter to select file names from a list (e.g., in
Windows Explorer, on desktop, in folders.) This is often the fastest way
to move around a long file list.
4. Useful key combos to experiment with: Tab; Ctrl + Tab; Ctrl +
PgUp; Ctrl + PgDown. Hold down these in combination with Shift key to
change direction.
5. Other useful shortcut keys: Spacebar; Home; End; Ctrl+ Home; Ctrl + End.
6. Task switching: Alt + Tab and Alt + Esc. The latter is not well known,
but indispensible.
7. "Delete" key often deletes an item.
8. Backspace key moves "up" one level in a directory tree. Works in
folders and with Windows Explorer. (See what I mean about lousy keyboard
interface? NOt exactly intuitive, is it?)
9. Press Spacebar to select an item, Enter to "double click."
10. Keyboard shortcuts that almost always work: Start menu: Ctrl + Esc.
Cancel: Esc. Exit: Alt + F4. Open, New, Save, Bold, Italic, Underline :
Ctrl O, N, S, B, I, U. Undo: Ctrl + Z or Alt + Bkspace.
Web Browsers
Shortcut Keys
Ctrl+N Open a new window
Ctrl+T Open a new tab (if your browser supports tabs)
Ctrl+W Close the current window/tab
Ctrl+R Refresh
Esc Stop
Alt+← Back
Alt+→ Forward
PageUp Move up a page
PageDown Move down a page
Alt+Home Go to your homepage
Alt+D Move focus to the address bar to type in a URL
Ctrl+Enter Add "http://www." and ".com" around an address
MiddleClick Middle-clicking a tab will close it, even if it's not the active tab
Scenario: Open a website in a new window
1. Ctrl+N to open a new window
2. Alt+D to bring you to the address bar
3. Type the address without the "http://www." or the ".com" (for example, "microsoft" instead of "http://www.microsoft.com"
4. Press Ctrl+Enter to add in the "http://www." and the ".com"
Editing Text
Shortcut Keys
Ctrl+B Bold the selected text bold
Ctrl+I Italicize the selected text italic
Ctrl+U Underline the selected text
Ctrl+Backspace Delete the previous word
Ctrl+Del Delete the next word
Ctrl+F Find some text in the current document
Ctrl+Z Undo your last action
Scenario: Bold some text you are about to type
1. Ctrl+B to turn on the bold feature
2. Type the text you want to be bold
3. Ctrl+B to turn off the bold feature
Moving the Cursor and Selecting Text
Pay close attention to these! These shortcut keys can be used in almost all text editors, like Notepad, your instant messaging program, and any text input dialog boxes in Windows.
Moving the Cursor
PageUp Move the cursor up a page
PageDown Move the cursor down a page
Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the line
End Move the cursor to the end of the line
Ctrl+Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the document
Ctrl+End Move the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl+← Move the cursor left one word
Ctrl+→ Move the cursor right one word
The shortcut keys for selecting text are directly related to those that move the cursor around. Just add a Shift:
Selecting Text
Shift+PageUp Select everything between the cursor and a page previous
Shift+PageDown Select everything between the cursor and a page after
Shift+Home Select everything between the cursor and the beginning of the line
Shift+End Select everything between the cursor and the end of the line
Shift+Ctrl+Home Select everything betweeen the cursor and the beginning of the document
Shift+Ctrl+End Select everything between the cursor and the end of the document
Shift+Ctrl+← Select the word to the left
Shift+Ctrl+→ Select the word to the right
Scenario: Selecting A Line Of Text
1. Home to move the cursor to the beginning of the line
2. Shift-End to move the cursor to the end of the line and select everything alonig the way
Using the Clipboard
Ctrl+C Copy what's selected
Ctrl+X Cut what's selected
Ctrl+V Paste what you last copied or cut
Ctrl+A Select all
Documents and Files
Ctrl+N Create a new document
Ctrl+O Open an existing document
Ctrl+W Close the current document
Ctrl+S Saves the current document
Ctrl+P Print the current document
Windows
Alt+F4 Exit the active window
Alt+Tab Switch to the previous active window
Alt+Esc Cycle through all open windows
Win+D Show desktop (hit it again to show windows)
The following control key combinations provide shortcuts to many of the more frequently used menu commands.
Key Function Shift+Key Alt+Key
CTRL+A Select All Add Note Bookmark by Value*
CTRL+B Submit Batch File Display Note Rebase Date column
CTRL+C Copy Change Case Select Column*
CTRL+D Clear All Data
CTRL+E Update Data and Exit* Excel Wizard
CTRL+F Find Reorder Levels* Calculate Factor*
CTRL+G Goto Line/Cell
CTRL+H Next Error Message Previous Error Message
CTRL+I Insert row before current row* Insert multiple rows*
CTRL+J Insert row after current row*
CTRL+K Submit Clipboard Submit to current line Conditional Format*
CTRL+L Submit Line DDE Link* Edit Factor Levels*
CTRL+M Submit Selection/Run Analysis* Submit from current line Move Column*
CTRL+N Open New Text Window
CTRL+O Open File Reorder Columns*
CTRL+P Print Protect Column*
CTRL+Q (none) Toggle Selection of Cell
CTRL+R Replace Repeat Line Select Row*
CTRL+S Save File Save File As
CTRL+T Find Next Text Split* Temporary Missing Value*
CTRL+U Update Sheet* Allow AutoUpdate*
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+W Submit Window Recycle Window Default Column Widths*
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Y Redo
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+Del Delete
ALT+N Copy Column Names* Paste Column Names*
ALT+T Combine Text*
ALT+V Paste Special
CTRL+0 Restrict Expression*
CTRL+1 Restrict on Cell*
CTRL+2 Restrict No Missing values*
CTRL+3 Restrict Missing Values*
CTRL+4 Reverse Restriction*
CTRL+5 Restrict Selection*
CTRL+6 Restrict Selected rows added to Excluded*
CTRL+7 Restrict Selected rows removed from Excluded*
CTRL+8 Restrict UnSelected rows as Excluded*
CTRL+9 Restrict UnSelected rows added to Excluded*
CTRL+0 Restrict UnSelected rows removed from Excluded*
CTRL+] Moves the cursor to next brace or matching statement
Startup shortcuts
Use these key combinations to change how your computer starts up. Press and hold the key or combination of keys immediately after starting your Mac until the expected function occurs or appears. For example, press and hold the Option key during startup until the Startup Manager appears.
Note: If you're using a keyboard manufactured by someone other than Apple, the Alt key is usually the same key as the Option key. If this modifier doesn't appear to work, try using an Apple keyboard instead.
Key or key combination What it does
Option or Alt Display all startup volumes (Startup Manager)
Shift Start up in Safe Mode
Left Shift Prevent automatic login
C Start from bootable media (DVD, CD, USB thumb drive)
T Start up in Target disk mode
N Start from a NetBoot server
X Force OS X startup (when non-OS X startup volumes are available)
D Use Apple Hardware Test
Command-R Use OS X Recovery (OS X Lion or later)
Command-V Start up in Verbose Mode
Command-S Start up in Single User Mode
Command-Option-P-R Reset NVRAM / parameter RAM
Hold down the Media Eject (⏏) key or F12 key, or mouse or trackpad button Eject removable discs
Sleep and shut down shortcuts
Use these key combinations after your Mac has started up to sleep, shut down, or restart your computer.
Key or key combination What it does
Power button Tap to power on. Once powered on, tap the power button to wake or sleep in OS X Mavericks.
Hold down the power button for 1.5 seconds Show the restart / sleep / shutdown dialog in OS X Mavericks
Hold down the power button for 5 seconds Force the Mac to power off
Command-Control-power button Force the Mac to restart
Control-Media Eject (⏏) Show restart / sleep / shutdown dialog
Command-Option-Media Eject (⏏) Put the computer to sleep
Command-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then restart the computer
Command-Option-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then shut down the computer
Shift-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Put all displays to sleep
Taking screenshots
Use these shortcuts to take a picture of what you see on your screen. You can also use Grab to take screenshots, an app located in the Utilities folder.
Key combination What it does
Command-Shift-3 Capture the screen to a file
Command-Shift-Control-3 Capture the screen to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-4 Capture a selection of the screen to a file, or press the spacebar to capture just a window
Command-Shift-Control-4 Capture a selection of the screen to the Clipboard, , or press the spacebar to capture just a window
Application and other OS X shortcuts
These keyboard shortcuts work in most apps.
Key combination What it does
Command-Space bar Show or hide the Spotlight search field
(if multiple languages are being used simultaneously, this shortcut may rotate through enabled script systems instead)
Command-Option-Space bar Show the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a script)
Command-Tab Move forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applications
Command-Shift-Tab Move backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)
Shift-Tab Navigate through controls in a reverse direction
Control-Tab Move focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table (when Tab moves to the next cell)
Shift-Control-Tab Move focus to the previous grouping of controls
Option-Media Eject (⏏) Eject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)
Command-F1 Toggle "Mirror Displays" on multi-monitor configurations
Command-F2 Toggle Target Display Mode
Command-F3 Show Desktop
Command-F5 Toggle VoiceOver On or Off
Option-F1 or Option-F2 Opens "Displays" System Preference
Option-F3 or Option-F4 Open Mission Control preferences
Option-F10 or -F11 or -F12 Open Sound preferences
Shift-Control-F6 Move focus to the previous panel
Control-F7 Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogs
Control-F8 Move to the status menus in the menu bar
Command-Accent (`) Activate the next open window in the frontmost application
Command-Shift-Accent (`) Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application
Command-Option-Accent (`) Move focus to the window drawer
Command-Minus (–) Decrease the size of the selected item
Command-{ Left-align a selection
Command-} Right-align a selection
Command-| Center-align a selection
Command-Colon (:) Display the Spelling and Grammar window
Command-Semicolon (;) Find misspelled words in the document
Command-Comma (,) Open the front application's preferences window
Command-Option-Control-Comma (,) Decrease screen contrast
Command-Option-Control-Period (.) Increase screen contrast
Command-Question Mark (?) Open the application's help in Help Viewer
Command-Option-/ Turn font smoothing on or off
Command-Shift-= Increase the size of the selected item
Command-A Highlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text field
Command-B Boldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off
Command-C Copy the selected data to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-C Display the Colors window
Command-Option-C Copy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard
Command-Option-V Paste (apply) the formatting settings from the Clipboard to the selected item
Command-Option-D Show or hide the Dock
Command-Control-D Display the definition of the selected word
Command-D Selects the Desktop folder in Open and Save dialogs or selects Don't Save in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button
Command-Delete Selects Don't Save in dialogs that contain a Delete or Don't Save button
Command-E Use the selection for a find
Command-F Open a Find window
Command-Option-F Move to the search field control
Command-G Find the next occurrence of the selection
Command-Shift-G Find the previous occurrence of the selection
Command-H Hide the windows of the currently running application
Command-Option-H Hide the windows of all other running applications
Command-I Italicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off
Command-Option-I Display an inspector window
Command-M Minimize the active window to the Dock
Command-Option-M Minimize all windows of the active application to the Dock
Command-N Create a new document in the frontmost application
Command-O Display a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost application
Command-P Display the Print dialog
Command-Shift-P Display a dialog for specifying document parameters (Page Setup)
Command-Q Quit the frontmost application
Command-S Save the active document
Command-Shift-S Display the Save As dialog or duplicate the current document
Command-T Display the Fonts window
Command-Option-T Show or hide a toolbar
Command-U Underline the selected text or turn underlining on or off
Command-V Paste the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
Command-Option-V Apply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)
Command-Shift-Option-V Apply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and Match Style)
Command-Control-V Apply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler)
Command-W Close the frontmost window
Command-Shift-W Close a file and its associated windows
Command-Option-W Close all windows in the application without quitting it
Command-X Remove the selection and store in the Clipboard
Command-Z Undo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)
Command-Shift-Z Redo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)
Control-Space bar Toggle between the current and previous input sources
Option-Control-Space bar Toggle through all enabled input sources
Command-Option-esc choose an application to Force Quit
Command-Shift-Option-Esc (hold for three seconds) Force Quit the front-most application
Command-Left Bracket ([) Previous browser webpage
Command-Right Bracket (]) Next browser webpage
Text selection shortcuts
Use these key combinations when editing text in a field or document.
fn-Delete Forward Delete (on a portable Mac's built-in keyboard)
fn-Up Arrow Scroll up one page (same as Page Up key)
fn-Down Arrow Scroll down one page (same as Page Down key)
fn-Left Arrow Scroll to the beginning of a document (same as Home key)
fn-Right Arrow Scroll to the end of a document (same as End key)
Command-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the current line
Command-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the current line
Command-Down Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the document
Command-Up Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the document
Option-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the next word
Option-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
Option-Delete Delete the word that is left of the cursor, as well as any spaces or punctuation after the word
Command-Shift-Right Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)
Command-Shift-Left Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line (*)
Command-Shift-Up Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document (*)
Command-Shift-Down Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)
Shift-Left Arrow Extend text selection one character to the left (*)
Shift-Right Arrow Extend text selection one character to the right (*)
Shift-Up Arrow Extend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Down Arrow Extend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Option-Right Arrow Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Left Arrow Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Down Arrow Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Up Arrow Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Control-A Move to beginning of line or paragraph
Control-B Move one character backward
Control-D Delete the character in front of the cursor
Control-E Move to the beginning of a line or paragraph
Control-F Move one character forward
Control-H Delete the character behind the cursor
Control-K Delete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the line or paragraph
Control-L Center the cursor or selection in the visible area
Control-N Move down one line
Control-O Insert a new line after the cursor
Control-P Move up one line
Control-T Transpose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the cursor
Control-V Move down
*Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the appropriate unit.
Accessibility
These keyboard shortcuts help you control your Mac with your keyboard or assistive devices.
Accessibility and VoiceOver keyboard commands
Key combination What it does
Command-Option-F5 Display Accessibility Options
Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5 Turn VoiceOver on or off
Option-Control-F8 or fn-Option-Control-F8 Open VoiceOver Utility (if VoiceOver is on)
Option-Control-F7 or fn-Option-Control-F7 Display VoiceOver menu (if VoiceOver is on)
Option-Control-Semicolon (;) Enable or disable VoiceOver
Command-Option-8 Turn Zoom on or off
Command-Option-Plus (+) Zoom In
Command-Option-Minus (–) Zoom Out
Command-Option-Control-8 Invert/revert the screen colors (OS X Lion or earlier)
Command-Option-Control-Comma (,) Reduce contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)
Command-Option-Control-Period (.) Increase contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)
Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the VoiceOver menu and utility to work.
Full keyboard access
Full keyboard access lets you use your keyboard to navigate and interact with items on the screen. Use these shortcuts to select and adjust controls such as text fields and sliders. This setting can be toggled by pressing Control-F7, or by selecting Full Keyboard Access from the Shortcuts pane of Keyboard preferences in System Preferences.
Key combination What it does
Tab Move to the next control
Shift-Tab Move to the previous control
Control-Tab Move to the next control when a text field is selected
Arrow keys Move to the adjacent item in a list, tab group, or menu or
Move sliders and adjusters (vertical up and down arrows used to increase and decrease values)
Control-Arrow keys Move to a control adjacent to the text field
Space bar Select the highlighted menu item
Return or Enter Click the default button or perform the default action
Esc Click the Cancel button or
Close a menu without choosing an item
You can navigate the menus in the menu bar without using a mouse or trackpad. To put the focus in the menu bar, press Control-F2 (fn-Control-F2 on portable keyboards). Then use the key combinations listed below.
Key combination What it does
Left Arrow and Right Arrow Move from menu to menu
Return Open a selected menu
Up Arrow and Down Arrow Move to menu items in the selected menu
Type the menu item’s name Jump to a menu item in the selected menu
Return Select a menu item
Accessibility - Mouse Keys
When Mouse Keys is turned on in Accessibility preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad keys to move the mouse pointer.
Key combination What it does
8 or numeric keypad 8 Move Up
K or numeric keypad 2 Move Down
U or numeric keypad 4 Move Left
O or numeric keypad 6 Move Right
J or numeric keypad 1 Move Diagonally Bottom Left
L or numeric keypad 3 Move Diagonally Bottom Right
7 or numeric keypad 7 Move Diagonally Top Left
9 or numeric keypad 9 Move Diagonally Top Right
I or numeric keypad 5 Press Mouse Button
M or numeric keypad 0 Hold Mouse Button
. (period key) Release Hold Mouse Button
Finder shortcuts
Key combination What it does
Command-A Select all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if no window is open)
Command-Option-A Deselect all items
Command-Shift-A Open the Applications folder
Command-C Copy selected item or text to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-C Open the Computer window
Command-D Duplicate selected item
Command-Shift-D Open desktop folder
Command-E Eject
Command-F Find any matching Spotlight attribute
Command-Shift-F Find Spotlight file name matches
Command-Option-F Navigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight window
Command-Shift-G Go to Folder
Command-Shift-H Open the Home folder of the currently logged-in user account
Command-Control-T Add to Sidebar (OS X Mavericks)
Command-I Get Info
Command-Option-I Show Inspector
Command-Control-I Get Summary Info
Command-Shift-I Open iDisk
Command-J Show View Options
Command-K Connect to Server
Command-Shift-K Open Network window
Command-L Make alias of the selected item
Command-M Minimize window
Command-Option-M Minimize all windows
Command-N New Finder window
Command-Shift-N New folder
Command-Option-N New Smart Folder
Command-O Open selected item
Command-Shift-Q Log Out
Command-Shift-Option-Q Log Out immediately
Command-R Show original (of alias)
Command-T Add Finder tab (OS X Mavericks)
Command-Shift-T Show or hide Finder tab (OS X Mavericks)
Command-Option-T Hide or Show Toolbar in Finder windows
Command-Shift-U Open Utilities folder
Command-V Paste
Command-W Close window
Command-Option-W Close all windows
Command-X Cut
Command-Option-Y Slideshow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command-Z Undo
Command-1 View as Icon
Command-2 View as List
Command-3 View as Columns
Command-4 View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command-Comma (,) Open Finder preferences
Command-Accent (`) (the Accent key above Tab key on a US English keyboard layout) Cycle through open Finder windows
Command-Shift-Question Mark (?) Open Mac Help
Command-Left Bracket ([) Go to the previous folder
Command-Right Bracket (]) Go to the next folder
Command-Up Arrow Open the folder that contains the current folder
Command-Control-Up Arrow Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window
Command-Down Arrow Open highlighted item
Command-Shift-Up Arrow Make the desktop active
Right Arrow (in List view) Open the selected folder
Left Arrow (in List view) Close the selected folder
Option-click the disclosure triangle (in List view) Open all folders within the selected folder
Option–double-click Open a folder in a separate window, closing the current window
Command–double-click Open a folder in a separate window
Command-click the window title See the folders that contain the current window
Command-Tab Switch application–cycle forward
Command-Shift-Tab Switch application–cycle backward
Command-Delete Move to Trash
Command-Shift-Delete Empty Trash
Command-Shift-Option-Delete Empty Trash without confirmation dialog
Space bar (or Command-Y) Quick Look (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command key while dragging Move the dragged item to another volume or location
(the pointer changes while key is held)
Option key while dragging Copy dragged item
(the pointer changes while key is held)
Command-Option key combination while dragging Make alias of dragged item
(the pointer changes while key is held)
1. Managing 'Windows' in Windows 7
Move and Resize Active Window
Win+Arrow Down Set window to Restored (if Maximized) or Minimized (if Restored)
Win+Arrow Up Maximize window (if Restored)
Win+Shift+Arrow Down/Win+Shift+Arrow Up Maximize Restored window vertically / Restore window to previous state
Win+Arrow Right/Win+Arrow Left Move Restored window to left/center/right. Works across multiple monitors
Win+Shift+Arrow Right/Win+Shift+Arrow Left Move window to left monitor / to right monitor when using multiple monitors
Alt+Space Opens the title bar menu
Alt+Space+Enter Restore Window
Alt+Space+x Maximize Window
Alt+Space+n Minimize Window
F11 Turn full page view on or off
'Maximized' means full screen, 'Restored' means variable window size, and 'Minimized' means minimized to taskbar.
Switch between Applications
Alt+tab,
alt+Shift+Tab Cycles through open programs in taskbar. Hold alt and continuously press tab to move forward between applications. Release keys to switch to application selected. Add shift to reverse direction.
Alt+Ctrl+tab, then use arrow keys to select application Cycles through open programs in taskbar without needing to hold alt continuously. Pressalt+ctrl+tab once, then continue with arrow keys and press enter on application.
Alt+Esc/Alt+Shift+Esc Cycle through programs on taskbar in the order they were opened or accessed
Win+Tab Cycle through programs using Aero Flip 3D
Ctrl+Win+Tab Cycle through programs on Taskbar using Aero Flip 3D
Win+g Cycle through Gadget Window
Manage Multiple Windows
Win+d Minimize all windows on all Monitors. Press again to restore previous state
Win+m Minimize all windows on current Monitor
Win+Shift+m Restore previously minimized windows on current Monitor
Win+Home Set all windows to Minimized on current Monitor except active
Win+Space Preview Desktop / make windows transparent (May not work with all Settings)
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2. Accessing Windows Features
Win+e Start Windows Explorer (in My Computer)
Win+r Open the Run window
Win+f Open Windows Search. f3 on empty desktop works, too.
Win+l Lock the keyboard/ computer
Win+F1 Display Windows Help
Alt+Shift Change keyboard language layout if multiple language layouts are active*
shift when inserting CD or DVD Prevent CD or DVD from automatically playing
Win+p Choose Presentation Display Mode
Win+x Open Mobility Center
* When working with multiple Keyboards Layouts (e.g. Spanish/English/German). Add unlimited Layouts under Regional settings and activate language bar in Taskbar to see current language. Switch with shortcut any time.
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3. Windows 7 Taskbar
win or ctrl+Esc Activate Start Button. Then use arrow keys, space and enter to navigate within Start Menu
Win+t Go to first item in taskbar, continue with arrow keys
Win+b Go to first item in system tray
Shift+click on a taskbar item Start new instance of taskbar item
Ctrl+Shift+click on a taskbar item Start new instance of taskbar item as administrator
Shift+right-click on a taskbar item Show the window menu for the program
Win+1...9 Switch to application in position N on taskbar (or launch pinned application)
Shift+Win+1...9 Start new instance of taskbar item in position N on taskbar
Unfortunately, Microsoft removed the possibility to select multiple taskbar items in Windows 7
▲ up
4. Navigating Desktop
Arrow Keys Navigate between and select single icons on desktop (when focus is on the desktop)
Home/End Select first / select last object on desktop
Enter Launch active icon
Shift+F10 Activate context menu of active icon by simulates right mouse button. Once in the context menu use arrow keys, a-z and enter to select item
tab, shift+tab on empty desktop Navigate between desktop, the quick-launch bar, task bar and notification bar. Then usearrow keys and enter or space to activate specific icons
a, b, c, ... Pressing the initial letter of the name of any objects will highlight the respective application or folder. Continue typing the object name if multiple objects start with the same letter
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5. Windows Explorer
Basics
Win+e Start Windows Explorer (My Computer)
Alt+Arrow Up Go up one folder
Alt+Arrow Left/Alt+Arrow Right Go to previous folder / go to next folder
Tab/Shift+Tab Switch focus forward/ backward between Address bar, Search Bar, Toolbar, Navigation Pane, and File List (Default is usually File List)
Alt+d or f4 Jump to the Address bar and select absolute address. Copy address with ctrl+c if desired
Ctrl+e or ctrl+f Jump to Search Box in Explorer
Ctrl+n Open new instance of Windows Explorer
F11 Maximize window
Navigate File List and Navigation Pane
Arrow Keys Navigate between files and folders
Enter Open folder or start application
Home/End Jump to first / jump to last item
F2 Change the file name of active item
f2, then arrow left/Arrow Right Move one character to the left / to the right in item name
f2, then ctrl+Arrow Left/Ctrl+Arrow Right Jump one word to the left / to the right of item name
f2, then home /End Jump to beginning / jump to end of item name
f2, then ctrl+a Select complete object name including suffix (default excludes suffix)
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Expand folder / collapse folder (navigation pane only)
File List
Alt+p Display or hide Preview Pane
Alt+v then d View details. Check View menu for more options
Alt+v then x View extra-large icons. Check View menu for more options
Ctrl+mouse scroll wheel Change size of icons
Select Items in File List and Navigation Pane
Shift+Arrow Up/Arrow Down Select multiple adjacent items (directly above or below)
ctrl with arrow keys and space Select multiple non-adjacent items. Hold ctrl, use arrow keys to move to next item, and press space to add/remove from selection
Ctrl+a Select all
a ...z and 1..9 Press the initial letter any item to jump to it. Continue typing the full name if multiple items start with the same letter
Manipulate Items in Explorer
Ctrl+c, ctrl+x, ctrl+v ctrl+c for copy, ctrl+x for cut and ctrl+v for paste
Ctrl+z Undo an action
Ctrl+y Redo an action
Delete Delete an item and place it into the Recycle Bin
Shift+Delete Delete an item permanently without placing it into the Recycle Bin
Shift+F10 Activate context menu of active object. Replaces the right mouse button. Once in the context menu use arrow keys, a-z and enter to get to the selection
Ctrl+Shift+n Create new folder
Alt+Enter Open Properties dialog box
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6. Photo Viewer
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Go to next / go to previous photo
Ctrl+. Rotate photo clockwise
Ctrl+, Rotate photo counter-clockwise
[+]/- Zoom in / zoom out (or mouse wheel)
Ctrl+0 (zero) Fit to Window
Delete Delete current photo
Shift+Delete Permanently delete current photo
Alt+Enter Show properties of current photo
Alt+e or ctrl+s Email current photo
Ctrl+c Copy current photo file to clipboard
Alt+o Open current photo in other application (e.g. Paint of Office)
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7. Dialog Boxes
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab Move forward / move backwards through tabs
Tab/Shift+Tab Move forward / move backwards through options
Alt+underlined letter Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter
Enter Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands
Space Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box
Arrow Keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
F4 Display the items in the active list
Backspace Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box
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8. Windows Admin
Admin Tasks
Ctrl+Win+f Search for Computers (with Active Directory activated)
Win+pause/break Display System Properties which holds system properties, computer name, device manager and so on
Ctrl+Shift+Esc Opens Windows Task Manager
Remote Desktop
Alt+Page Up/Alt+Page Down Move between programs from left to right / from right to left
Alt+Insert Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in
Alt+Home Display the Start menu
Ctrl+Alt+pause/break Switch between a window and full screen
Ctrl+Alt+End Display the Windows Security dialog box
Alt+Delete Display the system menu
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9. Windows Help
Tab Move between links
Alt+c Display the Table of Contents
Alt+n Display the Connection Settings menu
F10 Display the Options menu
Alt+Arrow Left/Alt+Arrow Right Move back / move forward to the previously/ next viewed topic
Alt+a Display the customer support page
Alt+Home Display the Help and Support home page
Home/End Move to the beginning / to the end of a topic
Ctrl+f Search the current topic. Press tab to leave
Ctrl+p Print a topic
F3 Move the cursor to the search box. Press tab to leave
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10. Ease of Access and Magnifier
Ease of Access
Win+u Open Ease of Access Center
Press shift five times. Turn Sticky Keys on or off
Press num lock for five seconds Turn Toggle Keys on or off
Right shift for eight seconds Turn Filter Keys on or off
left alt + left shift +Num Lock Turn Mouse Keys on or off
left alt + left shift + prtScn Turn High Contract on or off (Careful, will change theme!)
Magnifier
Win+[+] Start Magnifier and zoom in
Win+- Zoom out with Magnifier active
Ctrl+Alt+i Invert colors in Magnifier display
Win+Esc Exit Magnifier
Ctrl+Alt+Arrow Keys Move the Magnifier windows
Note: Microsoft lists more shortcuts for Magnifier, but not all of them seem to work.
@ 2016_Spam?Data|ShortCut Keys.
Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + F Open find window for current document or window.
Ctrl + S Save current document file.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins Paste
Ctrl + P Print the current page or document.
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.
End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.
What are the F1 through F12 keys?
Commonly known as function keys, F1 through F12 may have a variety of different uses or no use at all. Depending on the installed operating system and the software program currently open will change how each of these keys operate. A program is capable of not only using each of the function keys, but also combining the function keys with the ALT or CTRL key, for example, Microsoft Windows users can press ALT + F4 to close the program currently active.
Below is a short-listing of some of the common functions of the functions keys. As mentioned above not all programs support function keys and may perform different tasks then those mentioned below. If you are looking for more specific shortcut keys and function key examples we suggest seeing our shortcut key page.
F1
• Almost always used as the help key, almost every program opens a help screen when this key is pressed.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
• Open the Task Pane.
F2
• In Windows renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
• Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens document window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
• Quickly rename a selected file or folder.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
F3
• Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows when at the Windows Desktop..
• In MS-DOS or Windows command line F3 will repeat the last command.
• Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
• Windows Key + F3 opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
• Open Mission Control on an Apple computer running Mac OS X.
F4
• Open find window in Windows 95 to XP.
• Open the address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer.
• Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
• Alt + F4 closes the program window currently active in Microsoft Windows.
• Ctrl + F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows.
F5
• In all modern Internet browsers pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
• Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
• Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
F6
• Move the cursor to the Address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.
• Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
F7
• Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
• Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
• Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
F8
• Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly used to access Windows Safe Mode.
F9
• Refresh document in Microsoft Word.
• Send and receive e-mail in Microsoft Outlook.
• Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.
• With Mac OS 10.3 or later shows all open Windows.
• Using the Fn key and F9 at the same time opens Mission Control on an Apple computer running Mac OS X.
F10
• In Microsoft Windows activates the menu bar of an open application.
• Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on HP and Sony computers.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• With Mac OS 10.3 or later shows all open Windows for active program.
F11
• Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
• Ctrl + F11 as computer is starting to access the hidden recovery partition on many Dell computers.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on eMachines, Gateway, and Lenovo computers.
• With Mac OS 10.4 or later hides all open windows and shows the Desktop.
F12
• Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + F12 will Save the document In Word (like Ctrl + S).
• Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
• Ctrl + Shift + F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
• Preview a page in Microsoft Expression Web
• Open Firebug.
• With an Apple running Mac OS 10.4 or later F12 shows or hides the Dashboard.
F13 - F24
Early IBM computers also had keyboards with F13 through F24 keys. However, because these keyboards are no longer used they are not listed on this page.
Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know
Using keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase your productivity, reduce repetitive strain, and help keep you focused. For example, highlighting text with the keyboard and pressing Ctrl + C is much faster than taking your hand from the keyboard, highlighting the text using the mouse, clicking copy from the file menu, and then putting your hand back in place on the keyboard. Below are our top 10 keyboard shortcuts we recommend everyone memorize and use.
Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert
Both Ctrl + C and Ctrl + Insert will copy the highlighted text or selected item.
Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert
Both the Ctrl + V and Shift + Insert will paste the text or object that's in theclipboard.
Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y
Undo any change. For example, if you cut text, pressing this will undo it. This can also often be pressed multiple times to undo multiple changes. Pressing Ctrl + Y wouldredo the undo.
Ctrl + F
Pressing Ctrl + F opens the Find in any program. This includes your Internet browser to find text on the current page.
Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab
Quickly switch between open programs moving forward.
Tip: Press Ctrl + Tab to switch between tabs in a program.
Tip: Adding the Shift key to Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab will move backwards. For example, if you are pressing Alt + Tab and pass the program you want to switch to, press Alt + Shift + Tab to move backwards to that program.
Tip: Windows Vista and 7 users can also press the Windows Key + Tab to switch through open programs in a full screenshot of the Window.
Ctrl + Back space and Ctrl + Left or Right arrow
Pressing Ctrl + Backspace will delete a full word at a time instead of a single character.
Holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the left or right arrow will move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time. If you wanted to highlight one word at a time you can hold down Ctrl + Shift and then press the left or right arrowkey to move one word at a time in that direction while highlighting each word.
Ctrl + S
While working on a document or other file in almost every program pressing Ctrl + Ssaves that file. This shortcut key should be used frequently anytime you're working on anything important.
Ctrl + Home or Ctrl + End
Ctrl + Home will move the cursor to the beginning of the document and Ctrl + End will move the cursor to the end of a document.
Ctrl + P
Open a print preview of the current page or document being viewed. For example, press Ctrl + P now to view a print preview of this page.
Unix and Linux shortcut keys
Quick links
Introduction
Keyboard shortcut keys
Command line shortcuts
Introduction
Shortcuts are designed to help shorten the time required to perform frequently used commands or actions. In the below sections we have listed keyboard shortcut keys that can be performed by pressing two or more keys at once. In addition to keyboard shortcut keys, we have also listed command line shortcut keys that can be typed in at the shell.
Tip: Not all of the below shortcut keys and command line shortcuts will not work on all variants of Unix and Linux.
Keyboard shortcut keys
CTRL+B Moves the cursor backward one character.
CTRL+C Cancels the currently running command.
CTRL+D Logs out of the current session.
CTRL+F Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL+H Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
CTRL+P Paste previous line(s).
CTRL+S Stops all output on screen (XOFF).
CTRL+Q Turns all output stopped on screen back on (XON).
CTRL+U Erases the complete line.
CTRL+W Deletes the last word typed in. For example, if you typed 'mv file1 file2' this shortcut would delete file2.
CTRL+Z Cancels current operation, moves back a directory or takes the current operation and moves it to the background. See bg command for additional information about background.
Command line shortcuts
In addition to the below command line shortcuts, it is also helpful to use the alias command that allows you to specify a keyword for frequently used commands or mistakes.
~ Moves to the user's home directory.
!! Repeats the line last entered at the shell. See history command for previous commands.
!$ Repeats the last argument for the command last used. See history command for previous commands.
reset Resets the terminal if terminal screen is not displaying correctly.
shutdown -h now Remotely or locally shuts the system down.
Apple Macintosh shortcut keys
Note that not all of the below shortcut keys will work in all versions of Mac OS.
Open Apple + Down Opens the selected icon.
Shift + Click Select the icon and add it to the set of those selected.
Tab Highlight the next icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Shift + Tab Highlight the previous icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Left arrow Used when viewing by icon to select the icon to the left of the one highlighted.
Right arrow Used when viewing by icon to select icon to the right of the one highlighted.
Up arrow Used to select the icon above the one currently highlighted.
Down arrow Used to select the icon below the one currently highlighted.
Open Apple + ? Mac help
Open Apple + E Eject
Open Apple + Shift + Up Arrow Used to direct the input focus to the desktop level.
Open Apple + M Minimize window
Open Apple + N New finder window
Open Apple + Shift + N New folder
Open Apple + W Close the current window.
Open Apple + C Copy the elected item to the clipboard.
Open Apple + X Cut the selected item.
Open Apple + V Paste item from the clipboard
Open Apple + L Make alias
Open Apple + R Show original item
Open Apple + T Add to favorites
Open Apple + O Open the selected icon.
Open Apple + F Display the find dialog box.
Open Apple + G Repeat the last find operation.
Open Apple + Shift + G Takes a snapshot of the screen and saves it to a PICT file.
Microsoft Windows shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major Windows shortcut keys for all versions of Microsoft Windows. If you are looking for shortcut keys for Windows programs see our other computer keyboard shortcuts.
General Windows keyboard shortcuts
Windows function key shortcuts
Windows keyboard key shortcuts
How to navigate Windows using a keyboard
Other computer keyboard shortcuts
General Windows keyboard shortcuts
Alt + Tab
Switch between open applications in all versions of Windows. Reverse the direction by pressing Alt + Shift + Tab at the same time.
Ctrl + Tab
Switches between program groups, tabs, or document windows in applications that support this feature. Reverse the direction by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Tab at the same time.
Alt + double-click
Display the properties of the object you double-click on in Windows 95 and later. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
Alt + Print Screen
Create a screen shot only for the active program window in all versions of Windows. For example, if you opened the calculator and did this only the calculator window would be created as a screen shot. If just the Print Screen key is pressed the whole screen will be made into a screen shot.
Ctrl + Alt + Del
Open the Windows option screen for locking computer, switching user, Task Manager, etc. in later versions of Windows. Pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del multiple times will reboot the computer.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Immediately bring up the Windows Task Manager in Windows 2000 and later.
Ctrl + Esc
Open the Windows Start menu in most versions of Windows. In Windows 8 this opens the Start screen and in Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
Alt + Esc
Switch between open applications on Taskbar in Windows 95 and later.
Alt + Space bar
Drops down the window control menu for the currently open Windows program in Windows 95 and later.
Alt + Enter
Opens properties window of selected icon or program in Windows 95 and later.
Shift + Del
Will delete any file or other object without throwing it into the Recycle Bin in Windows 95 and later.
Hold down the Shift key
When putting in an audio CD or other CD that uses Autoplay, holding down the Shift key will prevent that CD from playing.
Windows function key shortcuts
Below is a listing of keyboard shortcuts that use the keyboard function keys. See ourwhat are F1 through F12 keys page for a full listing of what function keys do with all other programs.
F1
Activates help for current open application. If you're at the Windows Desktop, this will activate the help for Windows.
F2
Renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
F3
Starts find or search when at the Windows Desktop in all versions of Windows.
F4
In Windows 95 and later this opens the drive selection or address bar when browsing files in Windows Explorer.
• Pressing Alt + F4 closes the current open program window without a prompt in all versions of Windows.
• Pressing Ctrl + F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows. This only works in programs that support multiple windows or tabs in the same program window.
F6
While in Windows Explorer, this will move the cursor to different Windows Explorer pane or in Windows 7 browse available drives.
F8
Pressing F8 over and over as the computer is booting will start the computer in Safe Mode.
F10
Activates the File menu bar in all versions of Windows.
• Simulates a right-click on selected item. This is useful if right-click is difficult or impossible using the mouse.
Windows keyboard key shortcuts
Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows 95 or later and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts, the Windows key is represented by "WINKEY" and because not all these shortcuts will work in all versions of Windows we've mentioned what versions of Windows support each Windows key shortcut key.
All versions of Windows
WINKEY
Pressing the Windows key alone opens or hides the Windows Start menu. In Windows 8, this opens or hides the Start screen.
WINKEY + F1
Open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
WINKEY + Pause / Break key
Open the System Properties window.
WINKEY + D
Opens the Desktop to the top of all other windows.
WINKEY + E
Open Microsoft Windows Explorer.
WINKEY + F
Display the Windows Search or Find feature.
WINKEY + Ctrl + F
Display the search for computers window.
WINKEY + L
Lock the computer and switch users if needed (Windows XP and above only).
WINKEY + M
Minimizes all windows.
WINKEY + Shift + M
Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
WINKEY + R
Open the run window.
WINKEY + U
Open Utility Manager or the Ease of Access Center.
Windows XP only
Windows 7 and 8 only
Windows 8 only
Windows XP only
WINKEY + Tab
Cycle through open programs through the Taskbar.
Windows 7 and 8 only
WINKEY + 1-0
Pressing the Windows key and any of the top row number keys from 1 to 0 opens the program corresponding to the number of icon on the Taskbar. For example, if the first icon on the Taskbar was Internet Explorer pressing WINKEY + 1 would open that program or switch to it if already open.
WINKEY + (Plus (+) or Minus (-))
Open Windows Magnifier and zoom in with the plus symbol (+) and zoom out with the minus symbol (-).
• Press the WINKEY + ESC to close the Magnifier
WINKEY + Home
Minimize all windows except the active window.
WINKEY + P
Change between the monitor and projection display types or how second screen displays computer screen.
WINKEY + T
Set the focus on the Taskbar icons
WINKEY + Left arrow
Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing.
WINKEY + Right arrow
Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing.
WINKEY + Up arrow
When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size.
WINKEY + Down arrow
Minimizes the screen. Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size.
Windows 8 only
WINKEY + ,
Peek at the Windows Desktop.
WINKEY + .
Snap a Windows App to the sides of the screen. Pressing it multiple times will switch between the right and left-hand side of the screen or unsnap the app.
WINKEY + Enter
Open Windows Narrator
WINKEY + C
Open the Charms.
WINKEY + G
Cycle through Desktop gadgets.
WINKEY + H
Open Share in Charms.
WINKEY + I
Open the Settings in Charms.
WINKEY + J
Switch between snapped apps.
WINKEY + K
Open Devices in Charms.
WINKEY + O
Lock the screen orientation.
WINKEY + X
Open the power user menu, which gives you access to many of the features most power users would want to use such as Device Manager, Control Panel, Event Viewer, Command Prompt, and much more.
Microsoft Excel shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Excel. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
F2 Edit the selected cell.
F3 After a name has been created F3 will paste names.
F4 Repeat last action. For example, if you changed the color of text in another cell pressing F4 will change the text in cell to the same color.
F5 Go to a specific cell. For example, C6.
F7 Spell check selected text or document.
F11 Create chart from selected data.
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time.
Ctrl + ; Enter the current date.
Alt + Shift + F1 Insert New Worksheet.
Alt + Enter While typing text in a cell pressing Alt + Enter will move to the next line allowing for multiple lines of text in one cell.
Shift + F3 Open the Excel formula window.
Shift + F5 Bring up search box.
Ctrl + 1 Open the Format Cells window.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the worksheet.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + S Save the open worksheet.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + 1 Change the format of selected cells.
Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection.
Ctrl + P Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + F3 Open Excel Name Manager.
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window.
Ctrl + F10 Maximize currently selected window.
Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks or windows.
Ctrl + Page up Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Page down Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Tab Move between Two or more open Excel files.
Alt + = Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
Ctrl + ' Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift + ! Format number in comma format.
Ctrl + Shift + $ Format number in currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + # Format number in date format.
Ctrl + Shift + % Format number in percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + ^ Format number in scientific format.
Ctrl + Shift + @ Format number in time format.
Ctrl + Arrow key Move to next section of text.
Ctrl + Space Select entire column.
Shift + Space Select entire row.
Ctrl + - Delete the slected column or row.
Ctrl + Shift + = Insert a new column or row.
Ctrl + Home Move to cell A1.
Ctrl + ~ Switch between showing Excel formulas or their values in cells.
Microsoft Word shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Ctrl + 0 Adds or removes 6pts of spacing before a paragraph.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + D Open the font preferences window.
Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl + F Open find box.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl + P Open the print window.
Ctrl + R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl + S Save the open document. Just like Shift + F12.
Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + V Paste.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + Shift + L Quickly create a bullet point.
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1pts.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1pts.
Ctrl + / + c Insert a cent sign (¢).
Ctrl + ' + <char> Insert a character with an accent (grave) mark, where <char> is the character you want. For example, if you wanted an accented è you would use Ctrl + ' + e as your shortcut key. To reverse the accent mark use the opposite accent mark, often on the tilde key.
Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters.
Ctrl + <left arrow> Moves one word to the left.
Ctrl + <right arrow> Moves one word to the right.
Ctrl + <up arrow> Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl + <down arrow> Moves to the end of the paragraph.
Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl + End Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl + Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
Ctrl + Spacebar Reset highlighted text to the default font.
Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines.
Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines.
Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + Alt + 1 Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl + Alt + 2 Changes text to heading 2.
Ctrl + Alt + 3 Changes text to heading 3.
Alt + Ctrl + F2 Open new document.
Ctrl + F1 Open the Task Pane.
Ctrl + F2 Display the print preview.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decreases the highlighted text size by one.
Ctrl + Shift + F6 Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 Prints the document.
F1 Open Help.
F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
F5 Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
F7 Spellcheck and grammar check selected text or document.
F12 Save as.
Shift + F3 Change the text in Microsoft Word from uppercase to lowercase or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
Shift + F7 Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
Shift + F12 Save the open document. Just like Ctrl + S.
Shift + Enter Create a soft break instead of a new paragraph.
Shift + Insert Paste.
Shift + Alt + D Insert the current date.
Shift + Alt + T Insert the current time.
In addition to the above shortcut keys users can also use their mouse as a method of quickly do something commonly performed. Below some are examples of mouse shortcuts.
Mouse shortcuts Description
Click, hold, and drag Selects text from where you click and hold to the point you drag and let go.
Double-click If double-click a word, selects the complete word.
Double-click Double-clicking on the left, center, or right of a blank line makes the alignment of the text left, center, or right aligned.
Double-click Double-clicking anywhere after text on a line will set a tab stop.
Triple-click Selects the line or paragraph of the text the mouse triple-clicked.
Ctrl + Mouse wheel Zooms in and out of document.
Internet Explorer shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Internet Explorer. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + Left Arrow Back a page.
Backspace Back a page.
Alt + Right Arrow Forward a page.
F5 Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
F11 Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
Esc Stop page or download from loading.
Ctrl + (- or +) Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address. For example, type computerhope in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to get http://www.computerhope.com.
Ctrl + D Add a Favorite for the page currently opened.
Ctrl + I Display available bookmarks.
Ctrl + N Open New browser window.
Ctrl + P Print current page or frame.
Ctrl + T Opens a new tab.
Ctrl + F4 Closes the currently selected tab.
Ctrl + Tab Moves through each of the open tabs.
Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.
Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.
Alt + Down arrow Display all previous text entered in a text box or available options on drop down menu.
Alt + D Highlights the text in the address bar
Microsoft FrontPage shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft FrontPage. See thecomputer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + P Paste selected text.
Ctrl + K Create a hyperlink.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + L Left align the text.
Ctrl + R Right align the text.
Ctrl + E Center the text.
Ctrl + / Turn on or off the display of HTML tags.
Ctrl + S Save document.
Ctrl + Tab Switch between open web pages.
Ctrl + Ins Enter Line break.
Ctrl + Enter Move cursor above or below a table.
Ctrl + Shift + B Preview in web browser window.
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease font size.
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase font size.
Ctrl + Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Alt + mousedouble-click
View the properties of a selected item. For example, doing this on a table cell would display the properties for that cell.
Microsoft Outlook shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Outlook. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
Alt + S Send the e-mail
Ctrl + Enter Send the e-mail you're composing.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + P Print selected text.
Ctrl + K Complete the name or e-mail being typed in the e-mail address bar.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection
Ctrl + M Send and receive all
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
Ctrl + R Reply to an e-mail.
Ctrl + F Forward an e-mail.
Ctrl + N Create a new e-mail.
Ctrl + Y Go to folder.
Ctrl + Shift + A Create a new appointment to your calendar.
Ctrl + Shift + O Open the Outbox.
Ctrl + Shift + I Open the Inbox.
Ctrl + Shift + K Add a new task.
Ctrl + Shift + C Create a new contact.
Ctrl + Shift + J Create a new journal entry.
Ctrl + Shift + V Move folder.
Mozilla Firefox shortcut keys
Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Mozilla Firefox. See thecomputer shortcut page if you are looking for other shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + Home Open your home page.
Alt + Left Arrow Back a page.
Alt + Right Arrow Forward a page.
F5 Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
F11 Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
Esc Stop page or download from loading.
Ctrl + (- or +) Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase. Ctrl + 0 will reset back to default.
Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address. For example, type computerhope in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to get http://www.computerhope.com.
Ctrl + Shift + Del Open the Clear Data window to quickly clear private data.
Ctrl + D Add a bookmark for the page currently opened.
Ctrl + I Display available bookmarks.
Ctrl + J Display the download window.
Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E Move the cursor to the search box.
Ctrl + N Open New browser window.
Ctrl + P Print current page or frame.
Ctrl + T Opens a new tab.
Ctrl + F4 or Ctrl + W Closes the currently selected tab.
Ctrl + Shift + T Undo the close of a window.
Ctrl + Tab Moves through each of the open tabs.
Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.
Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.
Alt + Down arrow Display all previous text entered in a text box and available options on drop down menu.
Keyboard terms
• 0-9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z
Computer keyboard keys descriptions
Number
101 Keyboard
104 Keyboard
12-key keyboard
20-key keyboard
8042 keyboard controller
A
ALT
Ampersand
Any key
Apostrophe
Arrow keys
Asterisk
AT sign
AT keyboard
Azerty
B
Back quote
Backslash
Backspace key
Bang
Bracket
Break
Butterfly keyboard
C
Caps lock
Caret
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Case sensitive
Chiclet keyboard
Close bracket
Colon
Comma
Command key
Control keys
CR
CTRL
Curly bracket
D
Dvorak keyboard
E
End key
Enhanced Keyboard
Enter key
ESC
ETAION SHRDLU
Exclamation mark
F
FilterKeys
Fn
Forward slash
Function keys
G
Greater than
GT
GWAM
GWPM
H
HID
Home key
Home row keys
Hotkey
Hunt and peck
Hyphen
I
Input device
Input driver
Insert key
J
Currently no listings
K
Key
Key in
Keyboard
Keyboard buffer
Keyboard controller
Keyboard layout
Keyboard repeat
Keyboard shortcut
Keyboard template
Keycap
Keylogger
Keypad
Keystroke
L
LT
M
Modifier key
MouseKeys
N
Numeric keypad
NUM Lock
O
Octothorpe
On-Screen keyboard
Open bracket
Option key
OSK
P
Page Down key
Page Up key
Pause key
PC/XT keyboard
Percent
Period
PGDN key
PGUP key
Pipe
Plus
Pound
Print screen key
Programmable function key
PS/2
Q
Question mark
Quote
QWERTY keyboard
R
Repeat rate
S
Scan codes
Scroll lock key
Semicolon
Shift clicking
Shift key
Shortcut key
Single quote
Spacebar
Symbol
SysRq
T
Tab
Togglekeys
Touch type
TTY
Thumb keyboard
Tilde
ToggleKeys
Type
Typematic rate
U
Underscore
Unprintable character
V
Currently no listings
W
Wack
WAM
Whack
White space
Windows key
Windows keyboard
WPM
Wrist rest
WSAD keys
X
Currently no listings
Y
Currently no listings
Z
Currently no listings
How do I create a Windows shortcut key?
Create a shortcut
1. Open the folder or directory that contains the program you want for a shortcut.
2. Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut.
3. This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to <your program>" in the directory you are in. If you want to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click rename.
4. Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy or cut this shortcut andpaste it anywhere.
Assign shortcut key to that Windows shortcut
Once the shortcut has been created to assign a shortcut key to that Windows shortcut follow the steps below.
1. Right-click the shortcut and click Properties.
2. Click the Shortcut tab.
3. Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p" the shortcut key will automatically be made Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means after this has been saved pressing Ctrl, Alt, and "P" all at the same time runs the shortcut.
Keyboard shortcuts for Gmail
Keyboard shortcuts help you save time by allowing you to never take your hands off the keyboard to use the mouse. You'll need a Standard 101/102-Key or Natural PS/2 Keyboard to use the shortcuts.
Tip: Press ? in Gmail to see a list of keyboard shortcuts.
Some keyboard shortcuts can be used immediately, and others need to be enabled before you can use them.
Shortcuts that are always turned on
These navigational and formatting shortcuts all work whether or not you've enabled the keyboard shortcuts setting.
Use arrow keys to view messages and start composing
While viewing your messages, use your keyboard’s arrow keys to move your cursor to a conversation, label or the compose button. Press Enter to select.
Move between messages in a conversation
While viewing a conversation, use n and p to go the next and previous messages in a conversation thread. Hit Enter to open or collapse a message.
Navigate in compose
Use the following combinations of keys when you have compose windows or chats open.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
Ctrl + Enter
Mac: ⌘ + Enter Send message After composing your message, use this combination to send it.
Ctrl + .
Mac: ⌘ + . Advance to next window Use this shortcut to move the cursor to the next chat or compose window, or to the main window.
Ctrl + ,
Mac: ⌘ + , Go to previous window Use this shortcut to move the cursor to the previous chat or compose window, or to the main window.
Ctrl + Shift + c
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + c Add Cc recipients While composing, takes you to the Cc field to add new recipients.
Ctrl + Shift + b
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + b Add Bcc recipients While composing, takes you to the Bcc field to add new blind recipients.
Ctrl + Shift + f
Mac: ⌘ + Shift + f Change "from" address While composing, takes you to the From field to change your sending address. This shortcut only works if you have configuredadditional sending addresses.
To format your text quickly, check out these formatting shortcuts.
Shortcuts that need to be turned on
Before you can use these keyboard shortcuts, you’ll need to enable keyboard shortcuts in your settings:
1. Click the gear in the top right and select Settings.
2. Find the "Keyboard shortcuts" section and select Keyboard shortcuts on.
3. Click Save Changes at the bottom of the page.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
c Compose Allows you to compose a new message. Shift + c allows you to compose a message in a new window.
d Compose in a new tab Opens a compose window in a new tab.
/ Search Puts your cursor in the search box.
k Move to newer conversation Opens or moves your cursor to a more recent conversation. You can hit Enter to expand a conversation.
j Move to older conversation Opens or moves your cursor to the next oldest conversation. You can hit Enter to expand a conversation.
n Newer message In 'Conversation view', moves your cursor to the newer message. You can hitEnter to expand or collapse a message.
p Previous message In 'Conversation view', moves your cursor to the older message. You can hit Enterto expand or collapse a message.
` Go to next inbox section If you use an inbox style with tabs or sections, you can quickly navigate to the next section.
~ Go to previous inbox section If you use an inbox style with tabs or sections, you can quickly navigate to the previous section.
o or Enter Open Opens your conversation. Also expands or collapses a message if you are in 'Conversation View.'
u Return to conversation list Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox, or list of conversations.
e Archive Archive your conversation from any view.
m Mute Archives the conversation, and all future messages skip the Inbox unless sent or cc'd directly to you. Learn more.
x Select conversation Automatically checks and selects a conversation so that you can archive, apply a label, or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to that conversation.
s Star a message or conversation Adds or removes a star to a message or conversation. Stars allow you to give a message or conversation a special status.
+ Mark as important Helps Gmail learn what's important to you by marking misclassified messages. (Specific to Priority Inbox)
- Mark as unimportant Helps Gmail learn what's not important to you by marking misclassified messages. (Specific to Priority Inbox)
! Report spam Marks a message as spam and removes it from your conversation list.
r Reply Replies to the message sender. Shift + r allows you to reply to a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
a Reply all Replies to all message recipients. Shift + a allows you to reply to all message recipients in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
f Forward Forwards a message. Shift + f allows you to forward a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
Esc Escape from input field Removes the cursor from your current input field.
Ctrl + s
Mac: ⌘ + s Save draft Saves the current text as a draft when composing a message. Hold the Ctrl/⌘key while pressing s and make sure your cursor is in one of the text fields -- either the composition pane, or any of the To, CC, BCC, or Subject fields -- when using this shortcut.
# Delete Moves the conversation to Trash.
l Label Opens the Labels menu to label a conversation.
v Move to Moves the conversation from the inbox to a different label, Spam or Trash.
Shift + i Mark as read Marks your message as 'read' and skip to a newer message.
Shift + u Mark as unread Marks your message as 'unread' so you can go back to it later.
[ Removes from current view and previous Removes the current view's label from your conversation and moves to the older one.
] Removes from current view and next Removes the current view's label from your conversation and moves to the newer one.
{ Archive and previous Archives the current conversation and moves to the older one.
} Archive and next Archives the current conversation and moves to the next one.
z Undo Undoes your previous action, if possible (works for actions with an 'undo' link).
Shift + n Update current conversation Updates your current conversation when there are new messages.
q Move cursor to chat search Moves your cursor directly to the chat search box.
y Remove from Current View* Automatically removes the message or conversation from your current view.
• From 'Inbox,' 'y' means Archive
• From 'Starred,' 'y' means Unstar
• From 'Trash,' 'y' means Move to inbox
• From any label, 'y' means Remove the label
* 'y' has no effect if you're in 'Spam,' 'Sent,' or 'All Mail.'
. Show more actions Displays the 'More Actions' drop-down menu.
, Moves cursor to the first button in yourGmail toolbar
Displays the 'More Actions' drop-down menu.
Ctrl + Down arrow
Mac: ⌘ +Down arrow Opens options in Chat • Ctrl/⌘ + Down arrow moves from edit field in your chat window to select the 'Video and more' menu
• Next, press Tab to select the emoticon menu
• Press Enter to open the selected menu
k Move up a contact Moves your cursor up in your contact list
j Move down a contact Moves your cursor down in your contact list
o or Enter Open Opens the contact with the cursor next to it.
u Return to contact list view Refreshes your page and returns you to the contact list.
e Remove from Current Group Removes selected contacts from the group currently being displayed.
x Select contact Checks and selects a contact so that you can change group membership or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to the contact.
Esc Escape from input field Removes the cursor from the current input
# Delete Deletes a contact permanently
l Group membership Opens the groups button to group contacts
z Undo Reverses your previous action, if possible (works for actions with an 'undo' link)
Combo-keys
Use the following combinations of keys to navigate through Gmail.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
Tab thenEnter Send message After composing your message, use this combination to send it.
y then o Archive and next Archives your conversation and moves to the next one.
g then a Go to 'All Mail' Takes you to 'All Mail,' the storage site for all mail you've ever sent or received (and have not deleted).
g then s Go to 'Starred' Takes you to all conversations you have starred.
g then c Go to 'Contacts' Takes you to your Contacts list.
g then d Go to 'Drafts' Takes you to all drafts you have saved.
g then l Go to 'Label' Takes you to the search box with the "label:" operator filled in for you.
g then i Go to 'Inbox' Returns you to the inbox.
g then t Go to 'Sent Mail' Takes you to all mail you've sent.
* then a Select all Selects all mail.
* then n Select none Deselects all mail.
* then r Select read Selects all mail you've read.
* then u Select unread Selects all unread mail.
* then s Select starred Selects all starred mail.
* then t Select unstarred Selects all unstarred mail.
The General Shortcuts
We’ll kickoff the list with some really general shortcuts that you often used.
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
Delete (Delete)
Shift+Delete (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+Shift while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+Shift with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
Shift with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
Alt+Enter (View the properties for the selected item)
Alt+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
Alt+Enter (Display the properties of the selected object)
Alt+Spacebar (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt+Tab (Switch between the open items)
Alt+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
Shift+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
Alt+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
Backspace (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
Shift when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+Tab (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+Shift+Tab (Move backward through the tabs)
Tab (Move forward through the options)
Shift+Tab (Move backward through the options)
Alt+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
Enter (Perform the command for the active option or button)
Spacebar (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
Backspace (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Win (Display or hide the Start menu)
Win+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Win+D (Display the desktop)
Win+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Win+Shift+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Win+E (Open My Computer)
Win+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Win+F (Search for computers)
Win+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Win+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Win+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Win+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right Shift for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
Shift five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Win +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+* (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK++ (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+- (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys For Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
Spacebar (Switch between Enlarged and Nor mal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Close window/tab)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the MMC window menu)
Alt+F4 (Close the console)
Alt+A (Display the Action menu)
Alt+V (Display the View menu)
Alt+F (Display the File menu)
Alt+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
Alt+- (Display the window menu for the active console window)
Shift+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
Alt+Enter (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+Alt+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
Alt+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
Alt+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
Alt+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
Alt+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+Alt+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
Alt+Delete (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+Alt+- (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+Alt++ (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Keyboard instead of mouse -- some tips, for Windows 95
by Susan Fulton (New York Times)
ALT+ SPACEBAR--opens control menu (like clicking on the symbol in the top
left corner of a window, from which you select (perhaps using mouse,
perhaps using arrow keys and enter) among restore, minimize, maximize,
close, etc)
SPACEBAR -- hitting this will finalize a selection of an item in a list or
an icon on the screen that's only half- selected, i.e., there's a box
around the name but full highlighting is not there. Also puts a checkmark
or big dot in a little box or circle for you to check one of several options.
ENTER -- will activate a selected item. Hitting Enter with a program icon
selected will open the program. with a button highlighted, will activate
the "button." It appears highlighted from the heavier line around it, or it
might look like a depressed button.
Hitting a letter key will take you to the first item in a dialogue box that
begins with that letter. I.E., in open file dialogue box, hit w one or more
times to go to the "Windows" folder in the list of stuff that appears on
the C drive. This can save a whole lot of hand action.
CTRL+z -- undo
CTRL+y -- redo
CTRL+a -- select all
CTRL+x --cut
CTRL+c --copy
CTRL+v --paste
CTRL+p – print
CTRL+s --save
CTRL+ALT+DEL--reboots the computer – eventually. First, it'll tell you
what's hung up.
CTRL+esc-- same as clicking on the "start button" in the taskbar area of
the screen
ALT+F4 shuts down the selected program.
TAB--VERY USEFUL. takes you from one field to another, one "button" to
another, one icon to another etc.
SHIFT+TAB -- it tabs you backward
HOME – to beginning of line or far left of field or screen.
END --to end of line, or far right of field or screen.
CTRL+home -- to the top
CTRL+END -- to the bottom
PAGE UP -- moves you up in your document or dialogue box by one page
PAGE DOWN -- moves you down in your document or dialogue list by one page
ARROW KEYS--these will move you about the screen or dialogue box, or menu,
not just a document. Modifier keys like CTRL and SHIFT when pressed at same
time as arrow keys or page up and page down will perform selection and
larger movements. For instance, CTRL + right arrow jumps to next word, and
SHIFT+CTRL+RIGHT ARROW selects the whole word.
ESC -- to cancel, or get rid of something like box or window that popped up
when you didn't want it (or if you change your mind) etc.
ALT + the underlined letter in a menu item carries out the action.
SHIFT+F10—like right click, brings up context menu
ALT+TAB—cycles through open applications
[ALT] + down arrow--opens up a "Drop down list" -those little arrows that
sit next to fields in which you must make a choice, for instance in the
"Look in" field of an "Open" dialogue box.
[ALT] + TAB --holding down the [ALT] and hitting tab cycles you
through open applications.
Thus, to sign off windows 95: CTRL+ESC, UP, ENTER, ENTER.
[Hot and Other Keys]
*General folder / Windows Explorer shortcuts for a selected object:
Keys Action
-----------------------------------------------------------------
F2 Rename
F3 Find
CTRL+X, C, or V Cut, Copy, or Paste
SHIFT+DELETE Delete immediately without putting the file
in Recycle Bin
ALT+ENTER Properties
ALT+double-click Properties
CTRL+right-click Put alternative verbs on the context menu
(Open With)
SHIFT+double-click Explore the object if it has an Explore
command
CTRL+drag a file to a
folder Copy a file
CTRL+SHIFT+drag a
file to the desktop
or a folder Create a shortcut
CTRL+ESC,ESC,TAB,SHIFT+F10
Open taskbar properties
[General control over folders/Windows Explorer]
F4 (Explorer) Displays the combo box
F5 Refresh
F6 Switches between panes in Windows Explorer
CTRL+G(Windows
Explorer) Goto
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+A Select all
BACKSPACE Goes to the parent folder
SHIFT+ Closes this folder and all its parent folders
[In Windows Explorer]
Num* Expands everything under selection
Num- Expands selection
Num+ or Right arrow Collapses selection
Right arrow Expands current selection if it's collapsed;
otherwise goes to the first child.
Left arrow Collapses current selection if it's expanded;
otherwise goes to the parent
[In Properties]
CTRL+TAB or
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Switches between Properties tabs
[In Open/Save Common Dialog Boxes]
F4 Drop down the location list
F5 Refresh the view
Backspace Go to parent folder if focus is on view window
[General Keyboard-Only Commands]
F1 Help
F10 Goes to menu mode
SHIFT+F10 Context menu for selected item
CTRL+ESC Brings up Start menu
CTRL+ESC, ESC Focus on the Start button
SHIFT+F10 Context menu
ALT+TAB Switch to the running program
SHIFT while
inserting CD Bypasses auto-run
Alt+M when focus
is on taskbar Minimizes all windows
[Accessibility Shortcuts]
Tap SHIFT 5 times Toggles StickyKeys on/off
Hold down Right
SHIFT for 8 seconds Toggles FilterKeys on/off
Hold down NumLock
for 5 seconds Toggles ToggleKeys on/off
Left ALT+LEFT+SHIFT
+NumLock Toggles MouseKeys on/off
Left ALT+LEFT+SHIFT
+PrintScreen Toggles HighContrast on/off
[MS Natural Keyboard]
Win+R Run dialog
Win+M Minimize All
Shift-Win+M Undo Minimize All
Win+F1 Windows Help
Win+E Explorer
Win+F Find Files or Folders
CTRL+Win+F Find Computer
Win+Tab Cycle through taskbar buttons
Win+Break PSS Hotkey... (System properties)
Keyboard-only access to Windows 95
by Alan Cantor
Full text of the article on Keyboard-only access to Windows 95
1. Use Alt + underlined character to select a menu.
Or
Press F10 to toggle menu mode. (Choose your method!)
2. Press the underlined character to select an item on a menu.
3. Use the first letter to select file names from a list (e.g., in
Windows Explorer, on desktop, in folders.) This is often the fastest way
to move around a long file list.
4. Useful key combos to experiment with: Tab; Ctrl + Tab; Ctrl +
PgUp; Ctrl + PgDown. Hold down these in combination with Shift key to
change direction.
5. Other useful shortcut keys: Spacebar; Home; End; Ctrl+ Home; Ctrl + End.
6. Task switching: Alt + Tab and Alt + Esc. The latter is not well known,
but indispensible.
7. "Delete" key often deletes an item.
8. Backspace key moves "up" one level in a directory tree. Works in
folders and with Windows Explorer. (See what I mean about lousy keyboard
interface? NOt exactly intuitive, is it?)
9. Press Spacebar to select an item, Enter to "double click."
10. Keyboard shortcuts that almost always work: Start menu: Ctrl + Esc.
Cancel: Esc. Exit: Alt + F4. Open, New, Save, Bold, Italic, Underline :
Ctrl O, N, S, B, I, U. Undo: Ctrl + Z or Alt + Bkspace.
Web Browsers
Shortcut Keys
Ctrl+N Open a new window
Ctrl+T Open a new tab (if your browser supports tabs)
Ctrl+W Close the current window/tab
Ctrl+R Refresh
Esc Stop
Alt+← Back
Alt+→ Forward
PageUp Move up a page
PageDown Move down a page
Alt+Home Go to your homepage
Alt+D Move focus to the address bar to type in a URL
Ctrl+Enter Add "http://www." and ".com" around an address
MiddleClick Middle-clicking a tab will close it, even if it's not the active tab
Scenario: Open a website in a new window
1. Ctrl+N to open a new window
2. Alt+D to bring you to the address bar
3. Type the address without the "http://www." or the ".com" (for example, "microsoft" instead of "http://www.microsoft.com"
4. Press Ctrl+Enter to add in the "http://www." and the ".com"
Editing Text
Shortcut Keys
Ctrl+B Bold the selected text bold
Ctrl+I Italicize the selected text italic
Ctrl+U Underline the selected text
Ctrl+Backspace Delete the previous word
Ctrl+Del Delete the next word
Ctrl+F Find some text in the current document
Ctrl+Z Undo your last action
Scenario: Bold some text you are about to type
1. Ctrl+B to turn on the bold feature
2. Type the text you want to be bold
3. Ctrl+B to turn off the bold feature
Moving the Cursor and Selecting Text
Pay close attention to these! These shortcut keys can be used in almost all text editors, like Notepad, your instant messaging program, and any text input dialog boxes in Windows.
Moving the Cursor
PageUp Move the cursor up a page
PageDown Move the cursor down a page
Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the line
End Move the cursor to the end of the line
Ctrl+Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the document
Ctrl+End Move the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl+← Move the cursor left one word
Ctrl+→ Move the cursor right one word
The shortcut keys for selecting text are directly related to those that move the cursor around. Just add a Shift:
Selecting Text
Shift+PageUp Select everything between the cursor and a page previous
Shift+PageDown Select everything between the cursor and a page after
Shift+Home Select everything between the cursor and the beginning of the line
Shift+End Select everything between the cursor and the end of the line
Shift+Ctrl+Home Select everything betweeen the cursor and the beginning of the document
Shift+Ctrl+End Select everything between the cursor and the end of the document
Shift+Ctrl+← Select the word to the left
Shift+Ctrl+→ Select the word to the right
Scenario: Selecting A Line Of Text
1. Home to move the cursor to the beginning of the line
2. Shift-End to move the cursor to the end of the line and select everything alonig the way
Using the Clipboard
Ctrl+C Copy what's selected
Ctrl+X Cut what's selected
Ctrl+V Paste what you last copied or cut
Ctrl+A Select all
Documents and Files
Ctrl+N Create a new document
Ctrl+O Open an existing document
Ctrl+W Close the current document
Ctrl+S Saves the current document
Ctrl+P Print the current document
Windows
Alt+F4 Exit the active window
Alt+Tab Switch to the previous active window
Alt+Esc Cycle through all open windows
Win+D Show desktop (hit it again to show windows)
The following control key combinations provide shortcuts to many of the more frequently used menu commands.
Key Function Shift+Key Alt+Key
CTRL+A Select All Add Note Bookmark by Value*
CTRL+B Submit Batch File Display Note Rebase Date column
CTRL+C Copy Change Case Select Column*
CTRL+D Clear All Data
CTRL+E Update Data and Exit* Excel Wizard
CTRL+F Find Reorder Levels* Calculate Factor*
CTRL+G Goto Line/Cell
CTRL+H Next Error Message Previous Error Message
CTRL+I Insert row before current row* Insert multiple rows*
CTRL+J Insert row after current row*
CTRL+K Submit Clipboard Submit to current line Conditional Format*
CTRL+L Submit Line DDE Link* Edit Factor Levels*
CTRL+M Submit Selection/Run Analysis* Submit from current line Move Column*
CTRL+N Open New Text Window
CTRL+O Open File Reorder Columns*
CTRL+P Print Protect Column*
CTRL+Q (none) Toggle Selection of Cell
CTRL+R Replace Repeat Line Select Row*
CTRL+S Save File Save File As
CTRL+T Find Next Text Split* Temporary Missing Value*
CTRL+U Update Sheet* Allow AutoUpdate*
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+W Submit Window Recycle Window Default Column Widths*
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Y Redo
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+Del Delete
ALT+N Copy Column Names* Paste Column Names*
ALT+T Combine Text*
ALT+V Paste Special
CTRL+0 Restrict Expression*
CTRL+1 Restrict on Cell*
CTRL+2 Restrict No Missing values*
CTRL+3 Restrict Missing Values*
CTRL+4 Reverse Restriction*
CTRL+5 Restrict Selection*
CTRL+6 Restrict Selected rows added to Excluded*
CTRL+7 Restrict Selected rows removed from Excluded*
CTRL+8 Restrict UnSelected rows as Excluded*
CTRL+9 Restrict UnSelected rows added to Excluded*
CTRL+0 Restrict UnSelected rows removed from Excluded*
CTRL+] Moves the cursor to next brace or matching statement
Startup shortcuts
Use these key combinations to change how your computer starts up. Press and hold the key or combination of keys immediately after starting your Mac until the expected function occurs or appears. For example, press and hold the Option key during startup until the Startup Manager appears.
Note: If you're using a keyboard manufactured by someone other than Apple, the Alt key is usually the same key as the Option key. If this modifier doesn't appear to work, try using an Apple keyboard instead.
Key or key combination What it does
Option or Alt Display all startup volumes (Startup Manager)
Shift Start up in Safe Mode
Left Shift Prevent automatic login
C Start from bootable media (DVD, CD, USB thumb drive)
T Start up in Target disk mode
N Start from a NetBoot server
X Force OS X startup (when non-OS X startup volumes are available)
D Use Apple Hardware Test
Command-R Use OS X Recovery (OS X Lion or later)
Command-V Start up in Verbose Mode
Command-S Start up in Single User Mode
Command-Option-P-R Reset NVRAM / parameter RAM
Hold down the Media Eject (⏏) key or F12 key, or mouse or trackpad button Eject removable discs
Sleep and shut down shortcuts
Use these key combinations after your Mac has started up to sleep, shut down, or restart your computer.
Key or key combination What it does
Power button Tap to power on. Once powered on, tap the power button to wake or sleep in OS X Mavericks.
Hold down the power button for 1.5 seconds Show the restart / sleep / shutdown dialog in OS X Mavericks
Hold down the power button for 5 seconds Force the Mac to power off
Command-Control-power button Force the Mac to restart
Control-Media Eject (⏏) Show restart / sleep / shutdown dialog
Command-Option-Media Eject (⏏) Put the computer to sleep
Command-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then restart the computer
Command-Option-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then shut down the computer
Shift-Control-Media Eject (⏏) Put all displays to sleep
Taking screenshots
Use these shortcuts to take a picture of what you see on your screen. You can also use Grab to take screenshots, an app located in the Utilities folder.
Key combination What it does
Command-Shift-3 Capture the screen to a file
Command-Shift-Control-3 Capture the screen to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-4 Capture a selection of the screen to a file, or press the spacebar to capture just a window
Command-Shift-Control-4 Capture a selection of the screen to the Clipboard, , or press the spacebar to capture just a window
Application and other OS X shortcuts
These keyboard shortcuts work in most apps.
Key combination What it does
Command-Space bar Show or hide the Spotlight search field
(if multiple languages are being used simultaneously, this shortcut may rotate through enabled script systems instead)
Command-Option-Space bar Show the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a script)
Command-Tab Move forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applications
Command-Shift-Tab Move backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)
Shift-Tab Navigate through controls in a reverse direction
Control-Tab Move focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table (when Tab moves to the next cell)
Shift-Control-Tab Move focus to the previous grouping of controls
Option-Media Eject (⏏) Eject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)
Command-F1 Toggle "Mirror Displays" on multi-monitor configurations
Command-F2 Toggle Target Display Mode
Command-F3 Show Desktop
Command-F5 Toggle VoiceOver On or Off
Option-F1 or Option-F2 Opens "Displays" System Preference
Option-F3 or Option-F4 Open Mission Control preferences
Option-F10 or -F11 or -F12 Open Sound preferences
Shift-Control-F6 Move focus to the previous panel
Control-F7 Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogs
Control-F8 Move to the status menus in the menu bar
Command-Accent (`) Activate the next open window in the frontmost application
Command-Shift-Accent (`) Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application
Command-Option-Accent (`) Move focus to the window drawer
Command-Minus (–) Decrease the size of the selected item
Command-{ Left-align a selection
Command-} Right-align a selection
Command-| Center-align a selection
Command-Colon (:) Display the Spelling and Grammar window
Command-Semicolon (;) Find misspelled words in the document
Command-Comma (,) Open the front application's preferences window
Command-Option-Control-Comma (,) Decrease screen contrast
Command-Option-Control-Period (.) Increase screen contrast
Command-Question Mark (?) Open the application's help in Help Viewer
Command-Option-/ Turn font smoothing on or off
Command-Shift-= Increase the size of the selected item
Command-A Highlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text field
Command-B Boldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off
Command-C Copy the selected data to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-C Display the Colors window
Command-Option-C Copy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard
Command-Option-V Paste (apply) the formatting settings from the Clipboard to the selected item
Command-Option-D Show or hide the Dock
Command-Control-D Display the definition of the selected word
Command-D Selects the Desktop folder in Open and Save dialogs or selects Don't Save in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button
Command-Delete Selects Don't Save in dialogs that contain a Delete or Don't Save button
Command-E Use the selection for a find
Command-F Open a Find window
Command-Option-F Move to the search field control
Command-G Find the next occurrence of the selection
Command-Shift-G Find the previous occurrence of the selection
Command-H Hide the windows of the currently running application
Command-Option-H Hide the windows of all other running applications
Command-I Italicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off
Command-Option-I Display an inspector window
Command-M Minimize the active window to the Dock
Command-Option-M Minimize all windows of the active application to the Dock
Command-N Create a new document in the frontmost application
Command-O Display a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost application
Command-P Display the Print dialog
Command-Shift-P Display a dialog for specifying document parameters (Page Setup)
Command-Q Quit the frontmost application
Command-S Save the active document
Command-Shift-S Display the Save As dialog or duplicate the current document
Command-T Display the Fonts window
Command-Option-T Show or hide a toolbar
Command-U Underline the selected text or turn underlining on or off
Command-V Paste the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
Command-Option-V Apply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)
Command-Shift-Option-V Apply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and Match Style)
Command-Control-V Apply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler)
Command-W Close the frontmost window
Command-Shift-W Close a file and its associated windows
Command-Option-W Close all windows in the application without quitting it
Command-X Remove the selection and store in the Clipboard
Command-Z Undo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)
Command-Shift-Z Redo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)
Control-Space bar Toggle between the current and previous input sources
Option-Control-Space bar Toggle through all enabled input sources
Command-Option-esc choose an application to Force Quit
Command-Shift-Option-Esc (hold for three seconds) Force Quit the front-most application
Command-Left Bracket ([) Previous browser webpage
Command-Right Bracket (]) Next browser webpage
Text selection shortcuts
Use these key combinations when editing text in a field or document.
fn-Delete Forward Delete (on a portable Mac's built-in keyboard)
fn-Up Arrow Scroll up one page (same as Page Up key)
fn-Down Arrow Scroll down one page (same as Page Down key)
fn-Left Arrow Scroll to the beginning of a document (same as Home key)
fn-Right Arrow Scroll to the end of a document (same as End key)
Command-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the current line
Command-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the current line
Command-Down Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the document
Command-Up Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the document
Option-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the next word
Option-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
Option-Delete Delete the word that is left of the cursor, as well as any spaces or punctuation after the word
Command-Shift-Right Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)
Command-Shift-Left Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line (*)
Command-Shift-Up Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document (*)
Command-Shift-Down Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)
Shift-Left Arrow Extend text selection one character to the left (*)
Shift-Right Arrow Extend text selection one character to the right (*)
Shift-Up Arrow Extend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Down Arrow Extend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Option-Right Arrow Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Left Arrow Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Down Arrow Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Up Arrow Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Control-A Move to beginning of line or paragraph
Control-B Move one character backward
Control-D Delete the character in front of the cursor
Control-E Move to the beginning of a line or paragraph
Control-F Move one character forward
Control-H Delete the character behind the cursor
Control-K Delete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the line or paragraph
Control-L Center the cursor or selection in the visible area
Control-N Move down one line
Control-O Insert a new line after the cursor
Control-P Move up one line
Control-T Transpose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the cursor
Control-V Move down
*Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the appropriate unit.
Accessibility
These keyboard shortcuts help you control your Mac with your keyboard or assistive devices.
Accessibility and VoiceOver keyboard commands
Key combination What it does
Command-Option-F5 Display Accessibility Options
Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5 Turn VoiceOver on or off
Option-Control-F8 or fn-Option-Control-F8 Open VoiceOver Utility (if VoiceOver is on)
Option-Control-F7 or fn-Option-Control-F7 Display VoiceOver menu (if VoiceOver is on)
Option-Control-Semicolon (;) Enable or disable VoiceOver
Command-Option-8 Turn Zoom on or off
Command-Option-Plus (+) Zoom In
Command-Option-Minus (–) Zoom Out
Command-Option-Control-8 Invert/revert the screen colors (OS X Lion or earlier)
Command-Option-Control-Comma (,) Reduce contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)
Command-Option-Control-Period (.) Increase contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)
Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the VoiceOver menu and utility to work.
Full keyboard access
Full keyboard access lets you use your keyboard to navigate and interact with items on the screen. Use these shortcuts to select and adjust controls such as text fields and sliders. This setting can be toggled by pressing Control-F7, or by selecting Full Keyboard Access from the Shortcuts pane of Keyboard preferences in System Preferences.
Key combination What it does
Tab Move to the next control
Shift-Tab Move to the previous control
Control-Tab Move to the next control when a text field is selected
Arrow keys Move to the adjacent item in a list, tab group, or menu or
Move sliders and adjusters (vertical up and down arrows used to increase and decrease values)
Control-Arrow keys Move to a control adjacent to the text field
Space bar Select the highlighted menu item
Return or Enter Click the default button or perform the default action
Esc Click the Cancel button or
Close a menu without choosing an item
You can navigate the menus in the menu bar without using a mouse or trackpad. To put the focus in the menu bar, press Control-F2 (fn-Control-F2 on portable keyboards). Then use the key combinations listed below.
Key combination What it does
Left Arrow and Right Arrow Move from menu to menu
Return Open a selected menu
Up Arrow and Down Arrow Move to menu items in the selected menu
Type the menu item’s name Jump to a menu item in the selected menu
Return Select a menu item
Accessibility - Mouse Keys
When Mouse Keys is turned on in Accessibility preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad keys to move the mouse pointer.
Key combination What it does
8 or numeric keypad 8 Move Up
K or numeric keypad 2 Move Down
U or numeric keypad 4 Move Left
O or numeric keypad 6 Move Right
J or numeric keypad 1 Move Diagonally Bottom Left
L or numeric keypad 3 Move Diagonally Bottom Right
7 or numeric keypad 7 Move Diagonally Top Left
9 or numeric keypad 9 Move Diagonally Top Right
I or numeric keypad 5 Press Mouse Button
M or numeric keypad 0 Hold Mouse Button
. (period key) Release Hold Mouse Button
Finder shortcuts
Key combination What it does
Command-A Select all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if no window is open)
Command-Option-A Deselect all items
Command-Shift-A Open the Applications folder
Command-C Copy selected item or text to the Clipboard
Command-Shift-C Open the Computer window
Command-D Duplicate selected item
Command-Shift-D Open desktop folder
Command-E Eject
Command-F Find any matching Spotlight attribute
Command-Shift-F Find Spotlight file name matches
Command-Option-F Navigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight window
Command-Shift-G Go to Folder
Command-Shift-H Open the Home folder of the currently logged-in user account
Command-Control-T Add to Sidebar (OS X Mavericks)
Command-I Get Info
Command-Option-I Show Inspector
Command-Control-I Get Summary Info
Command-Shift-I Open iDisk
Command-J Show View Options
Command-K Connect to Server
Command-Shift-K Open Network window
Command-L Make alias of the selected item
Command-M Minimize window
Command-Option-M Minimize all windows
Command-N New Finder window
Command-Shift-N New folder
Command-Option-N New Smart Folder
Command-O Open selected item
Command-Shift-Q Log Out
Command-Shift-Option-Q Log Out immediately
Command-R Show original (of alias)
Command-T Add Finder tab (OS X Mavericks)
Command-Shift-T Show or hide Finder tab (OS X Mavericks)
Command-Option-T Hide or Show Toolbar in Finder windows
Command-Shift-U Open Utilities folder
Command-V Paste
Command-W Close window
Command-Option-W Close all windows
Command-X Cut
Command-Option-Y Slideshow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command-Z Undo
Command-1 View as Icon
Command-2 View as List
Command-3 View as Columns
Command-4 View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command-Comma (,) Open Finder preferences
Command-Accent (`) (the Accent key above Tab key on a US English keyboard layout) Cycle through open Finder windows
Command-Shift-Question Mark (?) Open Mac Help
Command-Left Bracket ([) Go to the previous folder
Command-Right Bracket (]) Go to the next folder
Command-Up Arrow Open the folder that contains the current folder
Command-Control-Up Arrow Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window
Command-Down Arrow Open highlighted item
Command-Shift-Up Arrow Make the desktop active
Right Arrow (in List view) Open the selected folder
Left Arrow (in List view) Close the selected folder
Option-click the disclosure triangle (in List view) Open all folders within the selected folder
Option–double-click Open a folder in a separate window, closing the current window
Command–double-click Open a folder in a separate window
Command-click the window title See the folders that contain the current window
Command-Tab Switch application–cycle forward
Command-Shift-Tab Switch application–cycle backward
Command-Delete Move to Trash
Command-Shift-Delete Empty Trash
Command-Shift-Option-Delete Empty Trash without confirmation dialog
Space bar (or Command-Y) Quick Look (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)
Command key while dragging Move the dragged item to another volume or location
(the pointer changes while key is held)
Option key while dragging Copy dragged item
(the pointer changes while key is held)
Command-Option key combination while dragging Make alias of dragged item
(the pointer changes while key is held)
1. Managing 'Windows' in Windows 7
Move and Resize Active Window
Win+Arrow Down Set window to Restored (if Maximized) or Minimized (if Restored)
Win+Arrow Up Maximize window (if Restored)
Win+Shift+Arrow Down/Win+Shift+Arrow Up Maximize Restored window vertically / Restore window to previous state
Win+Arrow Right/Win+Arrow Left Move Restored window to left/center/right. Works across multiple monitors
Win+Shift+Arrow Right/Win+Shift+Arrow Left Move window to left monitor / to right monitor when using multiple monitors
Alt+Space Opens the title bar menu
Alt+Space+Enter Restore Window
Alt+Space+x Maximize Window
Alt+Space+n Minimize Window
F11 Turn full page view on or off
'Maximized' means full screen, 'Restored' means variable window size, and 'Minimized' means minimized to taskbar.
Switch between Applications
Alt+tab,
alt+Shift+Tab Cycles through open programs in taskbar. Hold alt and continuously press tab to move forward between applications. Release keys to switch to application selected. Add shift to reverse direction.
Alt+Ctrl+tab, then use arrow keys to select application Cycles through open programs in taskbar without needing to hold alt continuously. Pressalt+ctrl+tab once, then continue with arrow keys and press enter on application.
Alt+Esc/Alt+Shift+Esc Cycle through programs on taskbar in the order they were opened or accessed
Win+Tab Cycle through programs using Aero Flip 3D
Ctrl+Win+Tab Cycle through programs on Taskbar using Aero Flip 3D
Win+g Cycle through Gadget Window
Manage Multiple Windows
Win+d Minimize all windows on all Monitors. Press again to restore previous state
Win+m Minimize all windows on current Monitor
Win+Shift+m Restore previously minimized windows on current Monitor
Win+Home Set all windows to Minimized on current Monitor except active
Win+Space Preview Desktop / make windows transparent (May not work with all Settings)
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2. Accessing Windows Features
Win+e Start Windows Explorer (in My Computer)
Win+r Open the Run window
Win+f Open Windows Search. f3 on empty desktop works, too.
Win+l Lock the keyboard/ computer
Win+F1 Display Windows Help
Alt+Shift Change keyboard language layout if multiple language layouts are active*
shift when inserting CD or DVD Prevent CD or DVD from automatically playing
Win+p Choose Presentation Display Mode
Win+x Open Mobility Center
* When working with multiple Keyboards Layouts (e.g. Spanish/English/German). Add unlimited Layouts under Regional settings and activate language bar in Taskbar to see current language. Switch with shortcut any time.
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3. Windows 7 Taskbar
win or ctrl+Esc Activate Start Button. Then use arrow keys, space and enter to navigate within Start Menu
Win+t Go to first item in taskbar, continue with arrow keys
Win+b Go to first item in system tray
Shift+click on a taskbar item Start new instance of taskbar item
Ctrl+Shift+click on a taskbar item Start new instance of taskbar item as administrator
Shift+right-click on a taskbar item Show the window menu for the program
Win+1...9 Switch to application in position N on taskbar (or launch pinned application)
Shift+Win+1...9 Start new instance of taskbar item in position N on taskbar
Unfortunately, Microsoft removed the possibility to select multiple taskbar items in Windows 7
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4. Navigating Desktop
Arrow Keys Navigate between and select single icons on desktop (when focus is on the desktop)
Home/End Select first / select last object on desktop
Enter Launch active icon
Shift+F10 Activate context menu of active icon by simulates right mouse button. Once in the context menu use arrow keys, a-z and enter to select item
tab, shift+tab on empty desktop Navigate between desktop, the quick-launch bar, task bar and notification bar. Then usearrow keys and enter or space to activate specific icons
a, b, c, ... Pressing the initial letter of the name of any objects will highlight the respective application or folder. Continue typing the object name if multiple objects start with the same letter
▲ up
5. Windows Explorer
Basics
Win+e Start Windows Explorer (My Computer)
Alt+Arrow Up Go up one folder
Alt+Arrow Left/Alt+Arrow Right Go to previous folder / go to next folder
Tab/Shift+Tab Switch focus forward/ backward between Address bar, Search Bar, Toolbar, Navigation Pane, and File List (Default is usually File List)
Alt+d or f4 Jump to the Address bar and select absolute address. Copy address with ctrl+c if desired
Ctrl+e or ctrl+f Jump to Search Box in Explorer
Ctrl+n Open new instance of Windows Explorer
F11 Maximize window
Navigate File List and Navigation Pane
Arrow Keys Navigate between files and folders
Enter Open folder or start application
Home/End Jump to first / jump to last item
F2 Change the file name of active item
f2, then arrow left/Arrow Right Move one character to the left / to the right in item name
f2, then ctrl+Arrow Left/Ctrl+Arrow Right Jump one word to the left / to the right of item name
f2, then home /End Jump to beginning / jump to end of item name
f2, then ctrl+a Select complete object name including suffix (default excludes suffix)
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Expand folder / collapse folder (navigation pane only)
File List
Alt+p Display or hide Preview Pane
Alt+v then d View details. Check View menu for more options
Alt+v then x View extra-large icons. Check View menu for more options
Ctrl+mouse scroll wheel Change size of icons
Select Items in File List and Navigation Pane
Shift+Arrow Up/Arrow Down Select multiple adjacent items (directly above or below)
ctrl with arrow keys and space Select multiple non-adjacent items. Hold ctrl, use arrow keys to move to next item, and press space to add/remove from selection
Ctrl+a Select all
a ...z and 1..9 Press the initial letter any item to jump to it. Continue typing the full name if multiple items start with the same letter
Manipulate Items in Explorer
Ctrl+c, ctrl+x, ctrl+v ctrl+c for copy, ctrl+x for cut and ctrl+v for paste
Ctrl+z Undo an action
Ctrl+y Redo an action
Delete Delete an item and place it into the Recycle Bin
Shift+Delete Delete an item permanently without placing it into the Recycle Bin
Shift+F10 Activate context menu of active object. Replaces the right mouse button. Once in the context menu use arrow keys, a-z and enter to get to the selection
Ctrl+Shift+n Create new folder
Alt+Enter Open Properties dialog box
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6. Photo Viewer
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Go to next / go to previous photo
Ctrl+. Rotate photo clockwise
Ctrl+, Rotate photo counter-clockwise
[+]/- Zoom in / zoom out (or mouse wheel)
Ctrl+0 (zero) Fit to Window
Delete Delete current photo
Shift+Delete Permanently delete current photo
Alt+Enter Show properties of current photo
Alt+e or ctrl+s Email current photo
Ctrl+c Copy current photo file to clipboard
Alt+o Open current photo in other application (e.g. Paint of Office)
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7. Dialog Boxes
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab Move forward / move backwards through tabs
Tab/Shift+Tab Move forward / move backwards through options
Alt+underlined letter Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter
Enter Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands
Space Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box
Arrow Keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
F4 Display the items in the active list
Backspace Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box
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8. Windows Admin
Admin Tasks
Ctrl+Win+f Search for Computers (with Active Directory activated)
Win+pause/break Display System Properties which holds system properties, computer name, device manager and so on
Ctrl+Shift+Esc Opens Windows Task Manager
Remote Desktop
Alt+Page Up/Alt+Page Down Move between programs from left to right / from right to left
Alt+Insert Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in
Alt+Home Display the Start menu
Ctrl+Alt+pause/break Switch between a window and full screen
Ctrl+Alt+End Display the Windows Security dialog box
Alt+Delete Display the system menu
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9. Windows Help
Tab Move between links
Alt+c Display the Table of Contents
Alt+n Display the Connection Settings menu
F10 Display the Options menu
Alt+Arrow Left/Alt+Arrow Right Move back / move forward to the previously/ next viewed topic
Alt+a Display the customer support page
Alt+Home Display the Help and Support home page
Home/End Move to the beginning / to the end of a topic
Ctrl+f Search the current topic. Press tab to leave
Ctrl+p Print a topic
F3 Move the cursor to the search box. Press tab to leave
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10. Ease of Access and Magnifier
Ease of Access
Win+u Open Ease of Access Center
Press shift five times. Turn Sticky Keys on or off
Press num lock for five seconds Turn Toggle Keys on or off
Right shift for eight seconds Turn Filter Keys on or off
left alt + left shift +Num Lock Turn Mouse Keys on or off
left alt + left shift + prtScn Turn High Contract on or off (Careful, will change theme!)
Magnifier
Win+[+] Start Magnifier and zoom in
Win+- Zoom out with Magnifier active
Ctrl+Alt+i Invert colors in Magnifier display
Win+Esc Exit Magnifier
Ctrl+Alt+Arrow Keys Move the Magnifier windows
Note: Microsoft lists more shortcuts for Magnifier, but not all of them seem to work.
@ 2016_Spam?Data|ShortCut Keys.
